Dataset Information

Total Sleep Time Interacts With Age to Predict Cognitive Performance Among Adults.

ABSTRACT:

Study objectives

To investigate interactions between high and low amounts of sleep and other predictors of cognitive performance.

Methods

We used four cognitive tests to determine whether sleep time interacted with age, personal history of a memory problem, parental history of a memory problem, or personal concerns about memory and were associated with cognitive performance. Data were collected from an internet-based cohort study. We used an ordinary least squares regression with restricted cubic splines, controlling for demographic variables and comorbidities.

Results

We found significant nonlinear interactions between (1) total sleep time and age and (2) total sleep time and personal history of a memory problem and cognitive performance. Short and long sleep durations and self-reported memory complaints were associated with poorer performance on a test of attention and this was true to a greater degree in younger and older adults. A repeat analysis excluding subjects reporting dementia was significant only for the test of attention.

Conclusions

These results extend existing data on sleep duration and cognition across the lifespan by combining in a single study the results from four specific cognitive tests, both younger and older adults, and four self-reported risk factors for cognitive impairment. Longitudinal studies with biomarkers should be undertaken to determine whether causal mechanisms, such as inflammation or amyloid buildup, account for these associations.

SUBMITTER: Mohlenhoff BS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6134252 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Total Sleep Time Interacts With Age to Predict Cognitive Performance Among Adults.

Mohlenhoff Brian S BS Insel Philip S PS Mackin R Scott RS Neylan Thomas C TC Flenniken Derek D Nosheny Rachel R Richards Anne A Maruff Paul P Weiner Michael W MW

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 20180915 9

<h4>Study objectives</h4>To investigate interactions between high and low amounts of sleep and other predictors of cognitive performance.<h4>Methods</h4>We used four cognitive tests to determine whether sleep time interacted with age, personal history of a memory problem, parental history of a memory problem, or personal concerns about memory and were associated with cognitive performance. Data were collected from an internet-based cohort study. We used an ordinary least squares regression with ...[more]

PMID: 30176964

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Project description:BackgroundCognitive performance deteriorates during extended wakefulness and circadian phase misalignment, and some individuals are more affected than others. Whether performance is affected similarly across cognitive domains, or whether cognitive processes involving Executive Functions are more sensitive to sleep and circadian misalignment than Alertness and Sustained Attention, is a matter of debate.Methodology/principal findingsWe conducted a 2 × 12-day laboratory protocol to characterize the interaction of repeated partial and acute total sleep deprivation and circadian phase on performance across seven cognitive domains in 36 individuals (18 males; mean ± SD of age = 27.6 ± 4.0 years). The sample was stratified for the rs57875989 polymorphism in PER3, which confers cognitive susceptibility to total sleep deprivation. We observed a deterioration of performance during both repeated partial and acute total sleep deprivation. Furthermore, prior partial sleep deprivation led to poorer cognitive performance in a subsequent total sleep deprivation period, but its effect was modulated by circadian phase such that it was virtually absent in the evening wake maintenance zone, and most prominent during early morning hours. A significant effect of PER3 genotype was observed for Subjective Alertness during partial sleep deprivation and on n-back tasks with a high executive load when assessed in the morning hours during total sleep deprivation after partial sleep loss. Overall, however, Subjective Alertness and Sustained Attention were more affected by both partial and total sleep deprivation than other cognitive domains and tasks including n-back tasks of Working Memory, even when implemented with a high executive load.Conclusions/significanceSleep loss has a primary effect on Sleepiness and Sustained Attention with much smaller effects on challenging Working Memory tasks. These findings have implications for understanding how sleep debt and circadian rhythmicity interact to determine waking performance across cognitive domains and individuals.

Project description:Dementia researchers around the world prioritize the urgent need for sensitive measurement tools that can detect cognitive and functional change at the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sensitive indicators of underlying neural pathology assist in the early detection of cognitive change and are thus important for the evaluation of early-intervention clinical trials. One method that may be particularly well-suited to help achieve this goal involves the quantification of intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive performance. The current study aimed to directly compare two methods of estimating IIV (fluctuations in accuracy-based scores vs. those in latency-based scores) to predict cognitive performance in AD. Specifically, we directly compared the relative sensitivity of reaction time (RT)-and accuracy-based estimates of IIV to cognitive compromise. The novelty of the present study, however, centered on the patients we tested [a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)] and the outcome measures we used (a measure of general cognitive function and a measure of episodic memory function). Hence, we compared intraindividual standard deviations (iSDs) from two RT tasks and three accuracy-based memory tasks in patients with possible or probable Alzheimer's dementia (n = 23) and matched healthy controls (n = 25). The main analyses modeled the relative contributions of RT vs. accuracy-based measures of IIV toward the prediction of performance on measures of (a) overall cognitive functioning, and (b) episodic memory functioning. Results indicated that RT-based IIV measures are superior predictors of neurocognitive impairment (as indexed by overall cognitive and memory performance) than accuracy-based IIV measures, even after adjusting for the timescale of measurement. However, one accuracy-based IIV measure (derived from a recognition memory test) also differentiated patients with AD from controls, and significantly predicted episodic memory performance. The findings suggest that both RT- and accuracy-based IIV measures may be useful indicators of underlying neuropathology. The present study therefore contributes toward an understanding of the relative utility of RT- and accuracy-based IIV measures in detecting neurocognitive impairment in older adults, and also advances the empirical evaluation of sensitive markers of cognitive change in patients with AD.

Dataset Information

Total Sleep Time Interacts With Age to Predict Cognitive Performance Among Adults.

Study objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Total Sleep Time Interacts With Age to Predict Cognitive Performance Among Adults.

Similar Datasets

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