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Salivary Cortisol Profile Under Different Stressful Situations in Female College Students: Moderating Role of Anxiety and Sleep.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the level of cortisol under different stressful situations and its relationship with sleep and anxiety in female college students. METHODS:Salivary cortisol was measured 6 times a day during a routine period free of examination stress and a stressful period. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for cortisol level for awakening response (AUCAG) and during the day (AUCTG). Sleep characteristics and anxiety were measured using an actigraph and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively, during the different periods. RESULTS:Thirty-six people participated in the study. During the stressful period, anxiety had a positive correlation with sleep efficiency (P = .020), wake after sleep onset (P = .023), and mean wake episodes during sleep (P = .048). Poorer sleep efficiency (P = .014), greater wake after sleep onset (P = .008), and mean wake episodes during sleep (P = .044) were significantly associated with less AUCAG. Trait anxiety was significantly higher in participants with greater AUCTG (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS:Female college students with increased anxiety under the stressful situation slept better. Those with poor sleep showed attenuated morning cortisol secretion. Those with higher trait anxiety had greater cortisol during the day.

SUBMITTER: Suh M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6135468 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Salivary Cortisol Profile Under Different Stressful Situations in Female College Students: Moderating Role of Anxiety and Sleep.

Suh Minhee M

The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses 20181001 5

<h4>Objectives</h4>This study investigated the level of cortisol under different stressful situations and its relationship with sleep and anxiety in female college students.<h4>Methods</h4>Salivary cortisol was measured 6 times a day during a routine period free of examination stress and a stressful period. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for cortisol level for awakening response (AUCAG) and during the day (AUCTG). Sleep characteristics and anxiety were measured using an actigraph and ...[more]

PMID: 30157098

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Project description:Background:Over 40% of Taiwanese College students experience sleep problems that not only impair their quality of life but also contribute to psychosomatic disorders. Of all the factors affecting the sleep quality, internet surfing is among one of the most prevalent. Female college students are more vulnerable to internet-associated sleep disorders than their male counterparts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate (1) the relationship between internet addiction and sleep quality, and (2) whether significant variations in sleep quality exist among students with different degrees of internet use. Methods:This structured questionnaire-based cross-sectional study enrolled students from a technical institute in southern Taiwan. The questionnaire collected information on the following three aspects: (1) demography, (2) sleep quality with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and (3) severity of internet addiction using a 20-item Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between PSQI and IAT scores among the participants. Logistic analysis was used to determine the significance of association between PSQI and IAT scores. Results:In total, 503 female students were recruited (mean age 17.05 ± 1.34). After controlling for age, body mass index, smoking and drinking habits, religion, and habitual use of smartphone before sleep, internet addiction was found to be significantly associated with subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Worse quality of sleep as reflected by PSQI was noted in students with moderate and severe degrees of internet addiction compared to those with mild or no internet addiction. Logistic regression analysis of the association between scores on IAT and sleep quality, demonstrated significant correlations between quality of sleep and total IAT scores (odds ratio = 1.05:1.03 ? 1.06, p < 0.01). Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrated significant negative association between the degree of internet addiction and sleep quality, providing reference for educational institutes to minimize adverse effects associated with internet use and improve students' sleep quality.

Project description:Between 22% and 58% of patients in primary care settings complain of somatic symptoms. Previous research has found that somatization was associated with anger traits and family functions. However, studies that specifically assess the moderating effect of family function in how anger traits become somatic complaints are lacking.This study was designed to examine whether the variances in family cohesion and family adaptability moderated the strength of the relationship between anger traits and somatization.A cross-section design was conducted and 2008 college students were recruited from a comprehensive university in Shanghai. All participants finished questionnaires including Symptom Check List- 90 (SCL-90), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2, Chinese version) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, second edition (FACES II, Chinese Version) to assess their degree of current somatization, anger trait and family function. Hierarchical linear regression analysis (Enter) was conducted respectively for men and women to examine the moderation effect of family cohesion and family adaptability in the association between anger and somatization.Somatic symptoms were significantly linked in the expected directions with depression and anger trait for both genders. Family cohesion and family adaptability were negatively associated with somatic symptoms. For female college students family cohesion was found to moderate the link between anger trait and somatization, but for male college students the moderation effect of family cohesion was marginally significant. The moderating role of family adaptability was significant for neither male nor female after current depressive symptoms were accounted for.Proneness to anger is an independent predictor of somatization. For women, a high level of family cohesion was a protective factor which could reduce the influence of anger trait on somatic symptoms. Without comorbidity of current depression, family adaptability to some degree exempted individuals with anger proneness from developing somatic complaints. Interventions that integrate family cohesion cultivation, family flexibility fostering and depression treatment might be more effective for somatic patients high in anger trait.

Project description:For poor sleep quality (SQ) as well as major depressive disorder (MDD) and burnout, a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been identified. Although poor SQ is often reported as an early symptom of MDD or burnout, it is not clear whether HPA axis-related hormones can influence the association between SQ and MDD or burnout. This manuscript addresses this question by examining HPA axis-related hormones as potential moderators influencing the association between SQ and MDD or burnout. In the fourth annual examination wave of the Dresden Burnout Study, we measured general SQ (including sleep duration and efficiency), depressive and burnout symptoms, and obtained hair samples for quantification of long-term integrated steroid concentrations (cortisol [hC], cortisone [hCn], dehydroepiandrosterone [hDHEA]) from 462 participants (67% female). Data on SQ, depressive and burnout symptoms were available from 342 participants from the preceding examination wave (average time span between examinations 13.2 months). Cross-sectional analyses showed that the negative association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms was buffered by higher levels of hC, and hCn, whereas the negative association between sleep duration and burnout symptoms was buffered by higher levels of hDHEA. The negative association between sleep efficiency and burnout symptoms was intensified by higher levels of hC and hC/hCn ratio and the negative association between general SQ and burnout symptoms was intensified by higher levels of hC/hCn ratio. With regard to longitudinal data, a significant interaction effect between sleep duration and hC/hCn ratio could be detected for burnout symptoms. Our results suggest opposed moderation effects of hair glucocorticoids on the association between SQ and depressive or burnout symptoms. This points toward opposed glucocorticoid receptor functioning in depression and burnout. To fully elucidate the negative consequences of poor SQ on MDD and burnout, the complex underlying mechanisms of action including HPA axis-related hormones need to be investigated in MDD and burnout separately.

Dataset Information

Salivary Cortisol Profile Under Different Stressful Situations in Female College Students: Moderating Role of Anxiety and Sleep.

Publications

Salivary Cortisol Profile Under Different Stressful Situations in Female College Students: Moderating Role of Anxiety and Sleep.

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