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Structure- and stereospecific transport of strigolactones from roots to shoots.

ABSTRACT: Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived signaling molecules that mediate symbiotic and parasitic communications in the rhizosphere and plant hormones that regulate the growth and development of plants through crosstalk with other hormones. Natural SLs are classified into two groups based on the stereochemistry of the B-C ring junction. Rice and sorghum plants, both gramineous crops, produce orobanchol-type and strigol-type SLs, respectively, while tobacco plants produce both types. In the present study, we demonstrate that such species-specific phenomena in SL production also occur in the transport of exogenous SLs from roots to shoots. In rice plants, strigol-type SLs such as 5-deoxystrigol have been reported to actively inhibit tiller bud outgrowth, whereas root-applied strigol-type SLs could not be detected in shoots harvested 20?hr after treatment, indicating that metabolites of SLs or other signaling compounds downstream of SLs-but not SLs themselves-are the true inhibitors of tiller bud outgrowth.

SUBMITTER: Xie X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6140646 | biostudies-literature | 2016 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structure- and stereospecific transport of strigolactones from roots to shoots.

Xie Xiaonan X Yoneyama Kaori K Kisugi Takaya T Nomura Takahito T Akiyama Kohki K Asami Tadao T Yoneyama Koichi K

Journal of pesticide science 20160501 2

Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived signaling molecules that mediate symbiotic and parasitic communications in the rhizosphere and plant hormones that regulate the growth and development of plants through crosstalk with other hormones. Natural SLs are classified into two groups based on the stereochemistry of the B-C ring junction. Rice and sorghum plants, both gramineous crops, produce orobanchol-type and strigol-type SLs, respectively, while tobacco plants produce both types. In the pr ...[more]

PMID: 30363099

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Project description:Metalloid contamination, such as arsenic poisoning, poses a significant environmental problem, reducing plant productivity and putting human health at risk. Phytohormones are known to regulate arsenic stress; however, the function of strigolactones (SLs) in arsenic stress tolerance in rice is rarely investigated. Here, we investigated shoot responses of wild-type (WT) and SL-deficient d10 and d17 rice mutants under arsenate stress to elucidate SLs' roles in rice adaptation to arsenic. Under arsenate stress, the d10 and d17 mutants displayed severe growth abnormalities, including phenotypic aberrations, chlorosis and biomass loss, relative to WT. Arsenate stress activated the SL-biosynthetic pathway by enhancing the expression of SL-biosynthetic genes D10 and D17 in WT shoots. No differences in arsenic levels between WT and SL-biosynthetic mutants were found from Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry analysis, demonstrating that the greater growth defects of mutant plants did not result from accumulated arsenic in shoots. The d10 and d17 plants had higher levels of reactive oxygen species, water loss, electrolyte leakage and membrane damage but lower activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase than did the WT, implying that arsenate caused substantial oxidative stress in the SL mutants. Furthermore, WT plants had higher glutathione (GSH) contents and transcript levels of OsGSH1, OsGSH2, OsPCS1 and OsABCC1 in their shoots, indicating an upregulation of GSH-assisted arsenic sequestration into vacuoles. We conclude that arsenate stress activated SL biosynthesis, which led to enhanced arsenate tolerance through the stimulation of cellular antioxidant defense systems and vacuolar sequestration of arsenic, suggesting a novel role for SLs in rice adaptation to arsenic stress. Our findings have significant implications in the development of arsenic-resistant rice varieties for safe and sustainable rice production in arsenic-polluted soils.

Project description:BackgroundPhosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Upon P shortage, plant responds with massive reprogramming of transcription, the Phosphate Starvation Response (PSR). In parallel, the production of strigolactones (SLs)-a class of plant hormones that regulates plant development and rhizosphere signaling molecules-increases. It is unclear, however, what the functional link is between these two processes. In this study, using tomato as a model, RNAseq was used to evaluate the time-resolved changes in gene expression in the roots upon P starvation and, using a tomato CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASES 8 (CCD8) RNAi line, what the role of SLs is in this.ResultsGene ontology (GO)-term enrichment and KEGG analysis of the genes regulated by P starvation and P replenishment revealed that metabolism is an important component of the P starvation response that is aimed at P homeostasis, with large changes occurring in glyco-and galactolipid and carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including terpenoids and polyketides, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. In the CCD8 RNAi line about 96% of the PSR genes was less affected than in wild-type (WT) tomato. For example, phospholipid biosynthesis was suppressed by P starvation, while the degradation of phospholipids and biosynthesis of substitute lipids such as sulfolipids and galactolipids were induced by P starvation. Around two thirds of the corresponding transcriptional changes depend on the presence of SLs. Other biosynthesis pathways are also reprogrammed under P starvation, such as phenylpropanoid and carotenoid biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA, lysine and alkaloids, and this also partially depends on SLs. Additionally, some plant hormone biosynthetic pathways were affected by P starvation and also here, SLs are required for many of the changes (more than two thirds for Gibberellins and around one third for Abscisic acid) in the gene expression.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that SLs are not just the end product of the PSR in plants (the signals secreted by plants into the rhizosphere), but also play a major role in the regulation of the PSR (as plant hormone).

Project description:Potato crop requires high dose of nitrogen (N) to produce high tuber yield. Excessive application of N causes environmental pollution and increases cost of production. Hence, knowledge about genes and regulatory elements is essential to strengthen research on N metabolism in this crop. In this study, we analysed transcriptomes (RNA-seq) in potato tissues (shoot, root and stolon) collected from plants grown in aeroponic culture under controlled conditions with varied N supplies i.e. low N (0.2 milli molar N) and high N (4 milli molar N). High quality data ranging between 3.25 to 4.93 Gb per sample were generated using Illumina NextSeq500 that resulted in 83.60-86.50% mapping of the reads to the reference potato genome. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in the tissues based on statistically significance (p ≤ 0.05) and up-regulation with ≥ 2 log2 fold change (FC) and down-regulation with ≤ -2 log2 FC values. In shoots, of total 19730 DEGs, 761 up-regulated and 280 down-regulated significant DEGs were identified. Of total 20736 DEGs in roots, 572 (up-regulated) and 292 (down-regulated) were significant DEGs. In stolons, of total 21494 DEG, 688 and 230 DEGs were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Venn diagram analysis showed tissue specific and common genes. The DEGs were functionally assigned with the GO terms, in which molecular function domain was predominant in all the tissues. Further, DEGs were classified into 24 KEGG pathways, in which 5385, 5572 and 5594 DEGs were annotated in shoots, roots and stolons, respectively. The RT-qPCR analysis validated gene expression of RNA-seq data for selected genes. We identified a few potential DEGs responsive to N deficiency in potato such as glutaredoxin, Myb-like DNA-binding protein, WRKY transcription factor 16 and FLOWERING LOCUS T in shoots; high-affinity nitrate transporter, protein phosphatase-2c, glutaredoxin family protein, malate synthase, CLE7, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and transcription factor in roots; and glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2, BTB/POZ domain-containing protein, F-box family protein and aquaporin TIP1;3 in stolons, and many genes of unknown function. Our study highlights that these potential genes play very crucial roles in N stress tolerance, which could be useful in augmenting research on N metabolism in potato.

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Structure- and stereospecific transport of strigolactones from roots to shoots.

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Structure- and stereospecific transport of strigolactones from roots to shoots.

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