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Maternal feeding practices in relation to dietary intakes and BMI in 5 year-olds in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:In Asia, little is known about how maternal feeding practices are associated with dietary intakes and body mass index (BMI) in preschoolers. OBJECTIVE:To assess the relationships between maternal feeding practices with dietary intakes and BMI in preschoolers in Asia using cross-sectional analysis in the GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) cohort. PARTICIPANT SETTINGS:Mothers (n = 511) who completed the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) and a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) when children were 5 years old. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:Associations between 12 maternal feeding practices (mean scores divided into tertiles) and children's dietary intakes of seven food groups and BMI z-scores were examined using the general linear regression model. Weight and height of the child were measured, and dietary intakes derived from the FFQ. RESULTS:Compared to those in the low tertile, mothers in the high tertile of modelling healthy food intakes had children with higher intakes of vegetables[+20.0g/day (95%CI:11.6,29.5)] and wholegrains[+ 20.9g/day (9.67,31.1)] but lower intakes of sweet snacks[-10.1g/day (-16.3,-4.94)] and fast-foods[-5.84g/day (-10.2,-1.48)]. Conversely, children of mothers in the high tertile for allowing child control (lack of parental control) had lower intake of vegetables[-15.2g/day (-26.6,-5.21)] and wholegrains[-13.6g/day (-22.9,-5.27)], but higher intakes of sweet snacks[+13.7g/day (7.7, 19.8)] and fast-foods[+6.63g/day (3.55,9.72)]. In relation to BMI at 5 years, food restrictions for weight was associated with higher BMI z-scores [0.86SD (0.61,1.21)], while use of pressure was associated with lower BMI z-scores[-0.49SD(-0.78,-0.21)]. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:Modelling healthy food intakes by mothers was the key feeding practice associated with higher intakes of healthy foods and lower intakes of discretionary foods. The converse was true for allowing child control. Only food restrictions for weight and use of pressure were associated with BMI z-scores.

SUBMITTER: Quah PL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6143183 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternal feeding practices in relation to dietary intakes and BMI in 5 year-olds in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Quah Phaik Ling PL Syuhada Ginanjar G Fries Lisa R LR Chan Mei Jun MJ Lim Hui Xian HX Toh Jia Ying JY Sugianto Ray R Aris Izzuddin M IM Lee Yung Seng YS Yap Fabian F Godfrey Keith M KM Gluckman Peter D PD Chong Yap-Seng YS Shek Lynette P LP Tan Kok Hian KH Forde Ciaran G CG Chong Mary F F MFF

PloS one 20180918 9

<h4>Background</h4>In Asia, little is known about how maternal feeding practices are associated with dietary intakes and body mass index (BMI) in preschoolers.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the relationships between maternal feeding practices with dietary intakes and BMI in preschoolers in Asia using cross-sectional analysis in the GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) cohort.<h4>Participant settings</h4>Mothers (n = 511) who completed the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Question ...[more]

PMID: 30226881

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Project description:Bidirectional studies between maternal feeding practices with subsequent child weight are limited, with no studies in Asian populations. In longitudinal analyses, we assessed the directionality of the associations between maternal feeding practices and body mass index (BMI) in preschoolers. Participants were 428 mother child dyads from the GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes) cohort. Feeding practices were assessed using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) at age 5 y. Child BMI was measured at ages 4 and 6 y. BMI and maternal feeding practices subscales were transformed to SD scores and both directions of their associations examined with multivariable linear regression and pathway modeling. Higher BMI at age 4 was associated with lower encouragement of balance and variety (β = -0.33; 95%CI: -0.53, -0.13), lower pressure to eat (β = -0.49; -0.68, -0.29) and higher restriction (β = 1.10; 0.67, 1.52) at age 5, adjusting for confounders and baseline feeding practices at 3 years. In the reverse direction, only pressure and restriction at age 5 were associated with lower and higher child BMI at age 6 years, respectively. After the adjustment for baseline BMI at age 5, the association with pressure was attenuated to non-significance (β = 0.01 (-0.01, 0.03), while the association with restriction remained significant (β = 0.02; 0.002, 0.03). Overall, associations from child BMI to maternal restriction for weight control and pressure feeding practices was stronger than the association from these maternal feeding practices to child BMI (Wald's statistics = 24.3 and 19.5, respectively; p < 0.001). The strength and directionality suggests that the mothers in the Asian population were likely to adopt these feeding practices in response to their child's BMI, rather than the converse. Clinical Trial Registry Number and Website This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875 (www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01174875).

Dataset Information

Maternal feeding practices in relation to dietary intakes and BMI in 5 year-olds in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Publications

Maternal feeding practices in relation to dietary intakes and BMI in 5 year-olds in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

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