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Optimized Sampling Conditions for Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by Means of Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

ABSTRACT: Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly considered to be potential noninvasive, diagnostic biomarkers for various gastrointestinal diseases. Knowledge of the influence of sampling conditions on VOC outcomes is limited. We aimed to evaluate the effects of sampling conditions on fecal VOC profiles and to assess under which conditions an optimal diagnostic accuracy in the discrimination between pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and controls could be obtained. Fecal samples from de novo treatment-naïve pediatric IBD patients and healthy controls (HC) were used to assess the effects of sampling conditions compared to the standard operating procedure (reference standard), defined as 500 mg of sample mass diluted with 10 mL tap water, using field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). A total of 17 IBD (15 CD (Crohn's disease) and 2 UC (ulcerative colitis)) and 25 HC were included. IBD and HC could be discriminated with high accuracy (accuracy = 0.93, AUC = 0.99, p < 0.0001). A smaller fecal sample mass resulted in a decreased diagnostic accuracy (300 mg accuracy = 0.77, AUC = 0.69, p = 0.02; 100 mg accuracy = 0.70, AUC = 0.74, p = 0.003). A loss of diagnostic accuracy was seen toward increased numbers of thaw-freeze cycles (one cycle, accuracy = 0.61, AUC = 0.80, p = 0.0004; two cycles, accuracy = 0.64, AUC = 0.56, p = 0.753; and three cycles, accuracy = 0.57, AUC = 0.50, p = 0.5101) and when samples were kept at room temperature for 180 min prior to analysis (accuracy = 0.60, AUC = 0.51, p = 0.46). Diagnostic accuracy of VOC profiles was not significantly influenced by storage duration differences of 20 months. The application of a 500 mg sample mass analyzed after one thaw-freeze cycle showed the best discriminative accuracy for the differentiation of IBD and HC. VOC profiles and diagnostic accuracy were significantly affected by sampling conditions, underlining the need for the implementation of standardized protocols in fecal VOC analysis.

SUBMITTER: Bosch S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6143285 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optimized Sampling Conditions for Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by Means of Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

Bosch Sofie S El Manouni El Hassani Sofia S Covington James A JA Wicaksono Alfian N AN Bomers Marije K MK Benninga Marc A MA Mulder Chris J J CJJ de Boer Nanne K H NKH de Meij Tim G J TGJ

Analytical chemistry 20180615 13

Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly considered to be potential noninvasive, diagnostic biomarkers for various gastrointestinal diseases. Knowledge of the influence of sampling conditions on VOC outcomes is limited. We aimed to evaluate the effects of sampling conditions on fecal VOC profiles and to assess under which conditions an optimal diagnostic accuracy in the discrimination between pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and controls could be obtained. Fecal samples ...[more]

PMID: 29860824

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Project description:Bovine tuberculosis is considered a re-emerging disease caused by different species from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), important not only for the livestock sector but also for public health due to its zoonotic character. Despite the numerous efforts that have been carried out to improve the performance of the current antemortem diagnostic procedures, nowadays, they still pose several drawbacks, such as moderate to low sensitivity, highlighting the necessity to develop alternative and innovative tools to complement control and surveillance frameworks. Volatilome analysis is considered an innovative approach which has been widely employed in animal science, including animal health field and diagnosis, due to the useful and interesting information provided by volatile metabolites. Therefore, this study assesses the potential of gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) to discriminate cattle naturally infected (field infections) by MTC from non-infected animals. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from feces were analyzed, employing the subsequent information through chemometrics. After the evaluation of variable importance for the projection of compounds, the final discriminant models achieved a robust performance in cross-validation, as well as high percentages of correct classification (>90%) and optimal data of sensitivity (91.66%) and specificity (99.99%) in external validation. The tentative identification of some VOCs revealed some coincidences with previous studies, although potential new compounds associated with the discrimination of infected and non-infected subjects were also addressed. These results provide strong evidence that a volatilome analysis of feces through GC-IMS coupled to chemometrics could become a valuable methodology to discriminate the infection by MTC in cattle. IMPORTANCE Bovine tuberculosis is endemic in many countries worldwide and poses important concerns for public health because of their zoonotic condition. However, current diagnostic techniques present several hurdles, such as low sensitivity and complexity, among others. In this regard, the development of new approaches to improve the diagnosis and control of this disease is considered crucial. Volatile organic compounds are small molecular mass metabolites which compose volatilome, whose analysis has been widely employed with success in different areas of animal science including animal health. The present study seeks to evaluate the combination of fecal volatilome analysis with chemometrics to detect field infections by bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) in cattle. The good robust performance of discriminant models as well as the optimal data of sensitivity and specificity achieved highlight volatilome analysis as an innovative approach with huge potential.

Dataset Information

Optimized Sampling Conditions for Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by Means of Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

Publications

Optimized Sampling Conditions for Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by Means of Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

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