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Proteome analysis reveals a role of rainbow trout lymphoid organs during Yersinia ruckeri infection process.

ABSTRACT: Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. Head kidney and spleen are major lymphoid organs of the teleost fish where antigen presentation and immune defense against microbes take place. We investigated proteome alteration in head kidney and spleen of the rainbow trout following Y. ruckeri strains infection. Organs were analyzed after 3, 9 and 28?days post exposure with a shotgun proteomic approach. GO annotation and protein-protein interaction were predicted using bioinformatic tools. Thirty four proteins from head kidney and 85 proteins from spleen were found to be differentially expressed in rainbow trout during the Y. ruckeri infection process. These included lysosomal, antioxidant, metalloproteinase, cytoskeleton, tetraspanin, cathepsin B and c-type lectin receptor proteins. The findings of this study regarding the immune response at the protein level offer new insight into the systemic response to Y. ruckeri infection in rainbow trout. This proteomic data facilitate a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and response of fish against Y. ruckeri biotype 1 and 2 strains. Protein-protein interaction analysis predicts carbon metabolism, ribosome and phagosome pathways in spleen of infected fish, which might be useful in understanding biological processes and further studies in the direction of pathways.

SUBMITTER: Kumar G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6143608 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modulation of posterior intestinal mucosal proteome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after Yersinia ruckeri infection.

Project description:Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. In fish, the intestine represents an important site of nutrient uptake, host-pathogen interactions, and defense. The posterior intestine can be inflamed, reddened, and filled with an opaque, yellowish fluid during Y. ruckeri infection. Herein, we report an investigation on the proteome alteration in the posterior intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to Y. ruckeri. The intestinal mucosal proteins were identified and quantified by a shotgun proteomic approach by applying data-independent quantification with sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH). A total of 437 proteins were found to be differentially up- or downregulated in the posterior intestine. Gene ontology of upregulated proteins pointed to their involvement into exopeptidase, endopeptidase, and hydrolase activities, while the downregulated proteins were involved in lipid metabolism, actin binding, and translation processes. Additionally, upregulated proteins were predicted to be involved in lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways, while downregulated proteins were implicated in focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, protein digestion and absorption pathways. This study showed that Y. ruckeri infection can alter protein abundance involved in serine-type carboxypeptidase, cysteine and aspartic-type endopeptidases, metallopeptidases, antioxidant defense, calcium ion binding, glycolytic and carbohydrate metabolic processes in the proteome of the intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout.

| S-EPMC6637484 | biostudies-literature

Global 3D imaging of Yersinia ruckeri bacterin uptake in rainbow trout fry.

Project description:Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in rainbow trout, and the first commercially available fish vaccine was an immersion vaccine against ERM consisting of Y. ruckeri bacterin. The ERM immersion vaccine has been successfully used in aquaculture farming of salmonids for more than 35 years. The gills and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are believed to be the portals of antigen uptake during waterborne vaccination against ERM; however, the actual sites of bacterin uptake are only partly understood. In order to obtain insight into bacterin uptake during waterborne vaccination, optical projection tomography (OPT) together with immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to visualize bacterin uptake and processing in whole rainbow trout fry. Visualization by OPT revealed that the bacterin was initially taken up via gill lamellae from within 30 seconds post vaccination. Later, bacterin uptake was detected on other mucosal surfaces such as skin and olfactory bulb from 5 to 30 minutes post vaccination. The GI tract was found to be filled with a complex of bacterin and mucus at 3 hours post vaccination and the bacterin remained in the GI tract for at least 24 hours. Large amounts of bacterin were present in the blood, and an accumulation of bacterin was found in filtering lymphoid organs such as spleen and trunk kidney where the bacterin accumulates 24 hours post vaccination as demonstrated by OPT and IHC. These results suggest that bacterin is taken up via the gill epithelium in the earliest phases of the bath exposure and from the GI tract in the later phase. The bacterin then enters the blood circulatory system, after which it is filtered by spleen and trunk kidney, before finally accumulating in lymphoid organs where adaptive immunity against ERM is likely to develop.

| S-EPMC4319897 | biostudies-literature

3D visualization of the initial Yersinia ruckeri infection route in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by optical projection tomography.

Project description:Despite the fact that enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in farmed rainbow trout is one of the most devastating disease problems, little is known about the initial route of infection and pathogenicity of the aetiological agent, Yersinia ruckeri. In order to determine the initially infected organs, optical projection tomography (OPT), a novel three-dimensional (3D) bio-imaging technique, was applied. OPT not only enables the visualization of Y. ruckeri on mucosal surfaces but also the 3D spatial distribution in whole organs, without sectioning. Rainbow trout were infected by bath challenge exposure to 1 × 10(8) CFU/ml of Y. ruckeri O1 for 1 hour. Three fish were sampled for OPT and immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1, 10 and 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours, as well as 2, 3, 7 and 21 days after the start of the infection period. Y. ruckeri was re-isolated from the blood of infected fish as early as 1 minute post infection. Both OPT and IHC analysis confirmed that the secondary gill lamellae were the only tissues infected at this early time point, indicating that Y. ruckeri initially infects gill epithelial cells. The experimentally induced infection caused septicemia, and Y. ruckeri was found in all examined organs 7 days post infection including the brain, which correlated with the peak in mortality. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of Y. ruckeri infection in the brain, which is likely to cause encephalitis. This in part could explain the lethality of ERM in rainbow trout. Using OPT scanning it was possible to visualize the initial route of entry, as well as secondary infection routes along with the proliferation and spread of Y. ruckeri, ultimately causing significant mortality in the exposed rainbow trout. These results demonstrate that OPT is a state-of-the-art technique capable of visualizing pathogenesis at high resolution.

| S-EPMC3938485 | biostudies-other

Transcriptome profiling of immune response to Yersinia ruckeri in spleen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Project description:BackgroundYersinia ruckeri is a pathogen that can cause enteric redmouth disease in salmonid species, damaging global production of economically important fish including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Herein, we conducted the transcriptomic profiling of spleen samples from rainbow trout at 24 h post-Y. ruckeri infection via RNA-seq in an effort to more fully understand their immunological responses.ResultsWe identified 2498 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2083 and 415 were up- and down-regulated, respectively. We then conducted a more in-depth assessment of 78 DEGs associated with the immune system including CCR9, CXCL11, IL-1β, CARD9, IFN, TNF, CASP8, NF-κB, NOD1, TLR8α2, HSP90, and MAPK11, revealing these genes to be associated with 20 different immunological KEGG pathways including the Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling, RIG-I-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, the differential expression of 8 of these DEGs was validated by a qRT-PCR approach and their immunological importance was then discussed.ConclusionsOur findings provide preliminary insight on molecular mechanism underlying the immune responses of rainbow trout following Y. ruckeri infection and the base for future studies of host-pathogen interactions in rainbow trout.

| S-EPMC8061174 | biostudies-literature

Draft Genome Sequence of Yersinia ruckeri Strain FMV-22, Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Peru.

Project description:Yersinia ruckeri is a significant and frequent bacterial fish pathogen in Peru. We report the draft genome sequence of strain FMV-22, isolated from a diseased rainbow trout, which consists of 3.84 Mb, with a G+C content of 47.45% and 3,765 protein-coding genes.

| S-EPMC6965581 | biostudies-literature

Citrus flavonoids, ?-Glucan and organic acid feed additives decrease relative risk during Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2 infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Project description:Whether through direct supplementation of bacteria or by prebiotic supplementation thought to favour subsets of bacteria, modulation of gut microbiota constitutes an important and promising alternative to the use of prophylactic and growth promoting antibiotics in worldwide aquaculture. We fed a commercial base feed, alone or supplemented with either proprietary ?-glucan, ?-glucan and organic acids, citrus flavonoid or yeast cell wall supplements, to rainbow trout over a period of four weeks. Fish from each feed group were then subjected to experimental, waterborne infection with Yersinia ruckeri O1 biotype 2. Following experimental feeding, the ?-glucan and organic acids supplemented group showed significantly improved feed conversion and lipid efficiency ratios. Furthermore, the ?-glucan, ?-glucan and organic acids and citrus flavonoid supplements proved to significantly reduce the risk of mortality in rainbow trout during experimental infection as shown by hazard ratio analysis. Resulting in 33.2%, 30.6% and 30.5% reduction in risk relative to the non-supplemented base feed, respectively, these three supplements show a promising potential either as stand-alone feed supplements, or as components in complex feed formulations.

| S-EPMC7060755 | biostudies-literature

Biochemical and molecular heterogeneity among isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in North West Germany.

Project description:BackgroundEnteric Redmouth Disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, is one of the most important infectious diseases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture in Europe. More recently, non-motile vaccine resistant isolates appear to have evolved and are causing disease problems throughout Europe, including Germany. The aim of this study was to analyse the variation of biochemical and molecular characteristics of Y. ruckeri isolates collected in north west Germany as a basis for strain differentiation. The isolates originated mainly from rainbow trout and were characterised by biochemical profiling, 16S rDNA sequencing, repetitive sequence-based PCRs, including (GTG)5-PCR, BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).ResultsIn total, 83 isolates were characterised, including 48 isolates collected during a field study in north west Germany. All isolates were confirmed as Y. ruckeri by the API 20E system. Five isolates were additionally confirmed as Y. ruckeri by Y. ruckeri-specific PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Only 17 isolates hydrolyzed Tween 80/20. Sixty-six isolates (79.5%) were non-motile. Two different patterns were obtained by REP-PCR, five patterns by ERIC-PCR, four patterns by (GTG)5-PCR and three patterns by BOX-PCR. NotI-directed PFGE resulted in 17 patterns that differed from each other by 25-29 fragments. Isolates from the field study clustered together as PFGE type C. According to the results of API 20E, repetitive sequence-based PCRs and PFGE, these isolates could be subdivided into 27 different groups.ConclusionsThe detailed molecular and phenotypic characterisation scheme developed in this study could be used to help trace the dissemination of Y. ruckeri isolates, and thus may represent part of improved disease monitoring plans in the future.

| S-EPMC4016151 | biostudies-literature

Estrogen modulates hepatic gene expression and survival of rainbow trout infected with pathogenic bacteria Yersinia ruckeri.

Project description:Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to two different concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) (2 or 20 mg/kg feed), and then infected with three concentrations of Yersinia ruckeri, a bacterial pathogen causing massive losses in wild and farmed salmonid populations. Infection with Y. ruckeri caused mortality of trout, and this effect was significantly enhanced by simultaneous exposure to high E2 dose. Analysis of hepatic gene expression profiles revealed complex regulations of pathways involved in immune responses, stress responses and detoxicification pathways. E2 markedly reduced expression of several genes implicated in xenobiotic metabolism. The results suggest that the interaction between pathogen and E2 interfered with the fish’s capability of clearing toxic compounds. The findings of the current study add to our understanding of multiple exposure responses in fish.

2012-06-17 | GSE38763 | GEO

Effects of Different Levels of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Some Blood Parameters and Disease Resistance Against Yersinia ruckeri in Rainbow Trout.

Project description:This study is aimed to assess the effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) supplementation on growth performance, some hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters, and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). 240 fish in total were randomly assigned into four triplicate groups (20 fish/per aquarium) corresponding to four dietary treatments: control (PSO0; no addition of PSO), 0.5% (PSO5), 1.00% (PSO10), and 2.00% (PSO20) of PSO, respectively. After the 60 day-feeding trial, fish blood samples were collected and compared. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of PSO on red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase parameters in PSO5 and PSO10 with regard to control. Moreover, a pronounced (P < 0.05) increased in weight gain, growth and feed conversion was found in fish fed with PSO supplemented diets. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with Y. ruckeri and survival recorded for 20 days. Cumulative survival was 45.10% in fish fed with the control diet, whereas in fish fed with PSO5, PSO10, and PSO20 supplemented diets, survival was 58.82, 56.86, and 56.86%, respectively. In conclusion, dietary administration of PSO induced a reduction in mortality of rainbow trout infected with Y. ruckeri, intercalary significant differences occurred on growth performance and some blood values among treated groups. These positive effects of PSO could be considered for new applications in aquaculture.

| S-EPMC5974043 | biostudies-literature

Estrogen modulates hepatic gene expression and survival of rainbow trout infected with pathogenic bacteria Yersinia ruckeri.

Project description:Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to two different concentrations of 17M-NM-2-estradiol (E2) (2 or 20 mg/kg feed), and then infected with three concentrations of Yersinia ruckeri, a bacterial pathogen causing massive losses in wild and farmed salmonid populations. Infection with Y. ruckeri caused mortality of trout, and this effect was significantly enhanced by simultaneous exposure to high E2 dose. Analysis of hepatic gene expression profiles revealed complex regulations of pathways involved in immune responses, stress responses and detoxicification pathways. E2 markedly reduced expression of several genes implicated in xenobiotic metabolism. The results suggest that the interaction between pathogen and E2 interfered with the fishM-bM-^@M-^Ys capability of clearing toxic compounds. The findings of the current study add to our understanding of multiple exposure responses in fish. Microarray analyses compared 3 groups of pathogen infected fish: no estrogen treatment (NE2), low (LE2) and high (HE2) doses of hormone

2012-06-16 | E-GEOD-38763 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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