Dataset Information

Olive Polyphenols and the Metabolic Syndrome.

ABSTRACT: Here, the effects of consuming polyphenol-rich olive products, including olive leaves, their crude extract, and extra virgin olive oil, on aspects of the metabolic syndrome are reviewed. We have sought to summarize the available scientific evidence from dietary intervention trials demonstrating a role for these phytochemicals in ameliorating aberrant glucose metabolism, high blood pressure and elevated blood lipids, and we discuss the potential mechanisms underpinning these observations. Searches for relevant literature published in English were conducted via PubMed and Science Direct. Based on published dietary intervention studies, there is convincing evidence to show that olive polyphenols, independently of olive lipids, reduce risk factors for metabolic syndrome, in particular by improving blood sugar and blood pressure control, and in reducing low density lipoprotein oxidation. There is more limited evidence to suggest that the consumption of olive polyphenols or related products can reduce body weight and visceral fat or impede weight gain, and similarly there are some limited data suggesting improved lipid profiles. There is some mechanistic data to support observations made in human volunteers, but further work is needed in this area. The consumption of olive polyphenols within the context of a healthy pattern of food intake may, in part, explain the reduced risk of metabolic disease associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

SUBMITTER: Saibandith B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6152042 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Olive Polyphenols and the Metabolic Syndrome.

Saibandith Bandhita B Spencer Jeremy P E JPE Rowland Ian R IR Commane Daniel M DM

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20170629 7

Here, the effects of consuming polyphenol-rich olive products, including olive leaves, their crude extract, and extra virgin olive oil, on aspects of the metabolic syndrome are reviewed. We have sought to summarize the available scientific evidence from dietary intervention trials demonstrating a role for these phytochemicals in ameliorating aberrant glucose metabolism, high blood pressure and elevated blood lipids, and we discuss the potential mechanisms underpinning these observations. Searche ...[more]

PMID: 28661446

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Project description:PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenol intake and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based survey including 8821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Kraków, Poland. Dietary polyphenol intake was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires and matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSignificant differences in age and energy intake among different categories of total dietary polyphenol intake were found. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and triglycerides were significantly lower among individuals in the higher quartiles of polyphenol intake, but a linear association was found only for BMI and WC. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals in the highest quartile of polyphenol intake were less likely to have MetS (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.64, 0.98 and OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.56, 0.86 for both men and women, respectively). High total polyphenol intake was negatively associated with WC, blood pressure, high lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in women, and fasting plasma glucose in both genders. Among individual classes of polyphenols, phenolic acids and stilbenes were significantly associated with MetS; lignans and stilbenes with WC; phenolic acids with blood pressure and triglycerides; and flavonoids with fasting plasma glucose. Among specific subclasses of polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and dihydrochalcones had the most relevant role.ConclusionsTotal and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenols were inversely associated with MetS and some of its components.

Project description:Some studies have shown that acute intake of high-phenol virgin olive oil reduces pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant and pro-thrombotic states, but nowadays still remains unclear if those effects attributed to its phenolic fraction could be exerted at transcriptional level in vivo. Two virgin olive oil-based breakfasts with high (398 ppm) and low (70 ppm) content of phenolic compounds were administered to twenty patients (9 men and 11 women) with metabolic syndrome following a double-blinded random crossover design. Prior to the first breakfast intervention, participants followed a 6-week washout period in which they were instructed to not take vitamins, soy supplements, or any drug. To eliminate the potential effect that might exist in their usual dietary habits, all subjects followed a low-fat, carbohydrate rich (CHO) diet during this period and untill the end of the study. In the 24 h before each breakfast intervention, participants were instructed to avoid consuming phenol-rich foods such as fruit or juices, wine, grape juice, chocolate, coffee, tea, olive oil, or soya, and to refrain from intense physical exercise during that period. After a 12 h fasting and following a randomized sequential crossover design with one-week washout period, participants reported to the hospital and received two fat meals consisting of 60 g of white bread, 40 mL of VOO (CANOLIVA®, Antonio Cano e Hijos™, Córdoba, Spain) with high (398 ppm) or low (70 ppm) content in phenolic compounds, and 60,000 IU of vitamin A per m2 of body surface. Olive oil with low content in phenolic compounds was obtained as a result of extraction by physical procedures of most of the phenolic compounds in the high-phenol olive oil, so that both oils kept a similar composition of the remaining macro- and micronutrients. Throughout the 4-h duration of the study, the subjects performed no physical activity, nor did they consume anything but water. Gene expression was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at postprandial period (4 hours after breakfast) by microarray analysis and verified by qRT-PCR. Two sets of dye-swaped experiments were performed making a total of four technical replicates per subject. Each of the hybridizations compared total RNA from PBMCs obtained 4h after the intake of virgin olive oil with high phenolic content vs. total RNA from PBMCs obtained 4h after low-phenol virgin olive oil consumption.

Dataset Information

Olive Polyphenols and the Metabolic Syndrome.

Publications

Olive Polyphenols and the Metabolic Syndrome.

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