Dataset Information

Transcriptional Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to 2,3-Butanediol, a Bacterial Volatile Compound (BVC) Analogue.

ABSTRACT: Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) have been reported to enhance plant growth and elicit plant defenses against fungal infection and insect damage. The objective of this study was to determine transcriptomic changes in response to synthetic BVC that could be associated with plant resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in creeping bentgrass. The 2,3-butanediol (BD) (250 µM) was sprayed on creeping bentgrass leaves grown in jam jars. The result showed that synthetic BD induced plant defense against R. solani for creeping bentgrass. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that more genes were repressed by BD while less showed up-regulation. BD suppressed the expression of some regular stress-related genes in creeping bentgrass, such as pheromone activity, calcium channel activity, photosystem II oxygen evolving complex, and hydrolase activity, while up-regulated defense related transcription factors (TFs), such as basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs, cysteine2-cysteine2-contans-like (C2C2-CO) and no apical meristem TFs (NAC). Other genes related to disease resistance, such as jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, leucine rich repeats (LRR)-transmembrane protein kinase, pathogen-related (PR) gene 5 receptor kinase and nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR) domain containing plant resistance gene (R-gene) were also significantly up-regulated. These results suggest that BD may induce changes to the plant transcriptome in induced systemic resistance (ISR) pathways.

SUBMITTER: Shi Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6152298 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptional Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to 2,3-Butanediol, a Bacterial Volatile Compound (BVC) Analogue.

Shi Yi Y Niu Kuiju K Huang Bingru B Liu Wenhui W Ma Huiling H

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20170816 8

Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) have been reported to enhance plant growth and elicit plant defenses against fungal infection and insect damage. The objective of this study was to determine transcriptomic changes in response to synthetic BVC that could be associated with plant resistance to <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> in creeping bentgrass. The 2,3-butanediol (BD) (250 µM) was sprayed on creeping bentgrass leaves grown in jam jars. The result showed that synthetic BD induced plant defense agai ...[more]

PMID: 28813015

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Project description:Volatile compounds, such as short chain alcohols, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol, produced by certain strains of root-associated bacteria (rhizobacteria) elicit induced systemic resistance in plants. The effects of bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) on plant and fungal growth have been extensively studied; however, the impact of bacterial BVCs on bacterial growth remains poorly understood. In this study the effects of a well-characterized bacterial volatile, 2,3-butanediol, produced by the rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis, were examined in the rhizosphere. The nature of 2,3-butanediol on bacterial cells was assessed, and the effect of the molecule on root colonization was also determined. Pepper roots were inoculated with three B. subtilis strains: the wild type, a 2,3-butanediol overexpressor, and a 2,3-butanediol null mutant. The B. subtilis null strain was the first to be eliminated in the rhizosphere, followed by the wild-type strain. The overexpressor mutant was maintained at roots for the duration of the experiment. Rhizosphere colonization by a saprophytic fungus declined from 14 days post-inoculation in roots treated with the B. subtilis overexpressor strain. Next, exudates from roots exposed to 2,3-butanediol were assessed for their impact on fungal and bacterial growth in vitro. Exudates from plant roots pre-treated with the 2,3-butanediol overexpressor were used to challenge various microorganisms. Growth was inhibited in a saprophytic fungus (Trichoderma sp.), the 2,3-butanediol null B. subtilis strain, and a soil-borne pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. Direct application of 2,3-butanediol to pepper roots, followed by exposure to R. solanacearum, induced expression of Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes such as CaPR2, CaSAR8.2, and CaPAL. These results indicate that 2,3-butanediol triggers the secretion of root exudates that modulate soil fungi and rhizosphere bacteria. These data broaden our knowledge regarding bacterial volatiles in the rhizosphere and their roles in bacterial fitness and as important inducers of plant defenses.

Project description:Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for turfgrass growth. Instead of pursuing the maximum yield, most turfgrass managers use nitrogen (N) to maintain a sub-maximal growth rate. Few tools or soil tests exist to help managers guide N fertilizer decisions. Turf growth prediction models have the potential to be useful, but the currently existing turf growth prediction model only takes temperature into account, limiting its accuracy. This study developed machine-learning-based turf growth models using the random forest (RF) algorithm to estimate short-term turfgrass clipping yield. To build the RF model, a large set of variables were extracted as predictors including the 7-day weather, traffic intensity, soil moisture content, N fertilization rate, and the normalized difference red edge (NDRE) vegetation index. In this study, the data were collected from two putting greens where the turfgrass received 0 to 1,800 round/week traffic rates, various irrigation rates to maintain the soil moisture content between 9 and 29%, and N fertilization rates of 0 to 17.5 kg ha-1 applied biweekly. The RF model agreed with the actual clipping yield collected from the experimental results. The temperature and relative humidity were the most important weather factors. Including NDRE improved the prediction accuracy of the model. The highest coefficient of determination (R2) of the RF model was 0.64 for the training dataset and was 0.47 for the testing data set upon the evaluation of the model. This represented a large improvement over the existing growth prediction model (R 2 = 0.01). However, the machine-learning models created were not able to accurately predict the clipping production at other locations. Individual golf courses can create customized growth prediction models using clipping volume to eliminate the deviation caused by temporal and spatial variability. Overall, this study demonstrated the feasibility of creating machine-learning-based yield prediction models that may be able to guide N fertilization decisions on golf course putting greens and presumably other turfgrass areas.

Project description:Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is the preferred green lawn grass, with excellent turf characteristics but poor disease resistance. At present, the mechanisms of disease resistance in creeping bentgrass are poorly understood, especially the ethylene signal transduction pathway under the induced systemic resistance (ISR) response. In this study, butanediol (BDO), as a new type of disease-resistance compound, was applied to creeping bentgrass seedlings to induce the ISR response. Then, we measured ethylene production and related enzyme activities. Additionally, transcript profiling and gene identification were performed in association to ethylene signal transduction pathways. The changes of ethylene production and related enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthases (ACS) activities showed significant difference at 24 h after Rhizoctonia solani inoculation among five treatments of various BDO concentrations. After 100 µmol L-1 BDO treatment, ethylene production and related enzyme activities reached their peak levels. Additionally, 208,672 unigenes of creeping bentgrass were obtained by de novo assembly. In total, 15,903 annotated unigenes were grouped into 33 canonical pathways in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis. Among those, 1803 unigenes were classified as 'signal transduction'. There were 6766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among B24 (inoculated-rhizobacteria in MS medium with 100 µmol L-1 BDO for 24 h), NB24, B72 and NB24 (no rhizobacteria in MS medium with 100 µmol L-1 BDO for 24 h) libraries, and 4,639 DEGs between B24 and B72 (inoculated-rhizobacteria in MS medium with 100 µmol L-1 BDO for 72 h) libraries, with 4489 DEGs in all three libraries. As suggested by the RT-PCR assay, the expression levels of ethylene-responsive and defense-related genes were variable among treated samples during the BDO-induced ISR responses. The expression levels of EIN, ERF, NPR1, PR3 and PR4 genes increased and reached their peaks in the first 24 h after R. solani infection in the BDO-induced ISR reaction compared with NB24 treatments. This results is consistent with the changes of important ethylene biosynthetic enzymes and ethylene concentrations during the BDO-induced ISR responses. We further found the intermediate substances for the signaling pathway, and the relationships between the expression levels of BDO-induced ISR disease-resistance genes and those of the response genes for ethylene signal pathway. Our findings present a genetic basis for systemic resistance of creeping bentgrass through transcriptomic analysis and our study provides a theoretical and practical basis for the improvement of turfgrass disease resistance and quality.

Dataset Information

Transcriptional Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to 2,3-Butanediol, a Bacterial Volatile Compound (BVC) Analogue.

Publications

Transcriptional Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to 2,3-Butanediol, a Bacterial Volatile Compound (BVC) Analogue.

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