Dataset Information

Racial Disparities in Lung Cancer Survival: The Contribution of Stage, Treatment, and Ancestry.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Racial disparities in lung cancer survival exist between blacks and whites, yet they are limited by categorical definitions of race. We sought to examine the impact of African ancestry on overall survival among blacks and whites with NSCLC cases. METHODS:Incident cases of NSCLC in blacks and whites from the prospective Southern Community Cohort Study (N = 425) were identified through linkage with state cancer registries in 12 southern states. Vital status was determined by linkage with the National Death Index and Social Security Administration. We evaluated the impact of African ancestry (as estimated by using genome-wide ancestry-informative markers) on overall survival by calculating the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) for Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for relevant covariates such as stage and treatment. We replicated our findings in an independent population of NSCLC cases in blacks. RESULTS:Global African ancestry was not significantly associated with overall survival among NSCLC cases. There was no change in model performance when Cox proportional hazards models with and without African ancestry were compared (AUC = 0.79 for each model). Removal of stage and treatment reduced the average time-dependent AUC from 0.79 to 0.65. Similar findings were observed in our replication study. CONCLUSIONS:Stage and treatment are more important predictors of survival than African ancestry is. These findings suggest that racial disparities in lung cancer survival may disappear with similar early detection efforts for blacks and whites.

SUBMITTER: Jones CC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6153049 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Racial Disparities in Lung Cancer Survival: The Contribution of Stage, Treatment, and Ancestry.

Jones Carissa C CC Mercaldo Sarah Fletcher SF Blume Jeffrey D JD Wenzlaff Angela S AS Schwartz Ann G AG Chen Heidi H Deppen Stephen A SA Bush William S WS Crawford Dana C DC Chanock Stephen J SJ Blot William J WJ Grogan Eric L EL Aldrich Melinda C MC

Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 20180606 10

<h4>Introduction</h4>Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Racial disparities in lung cancer survival exist between blacks and whites, yet they are limited by categorical definitions of race. We sought to examine the impact of African ancestry on overall survival among blacks and whites with NSCLC cases.<h4>Methods</h4>Incident cases of NSCLC in blacks and whites from the prospective Southern Community Cohort Study (N = 425) were identified through linkage with state ...[more]

PMID: 29885480

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Project description:We evaluated differences in treatment of black vs white patients with colon cancer and assessed their effects on survival, based on cancer stage.We collected data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database and identified 6190 black and 61,951 white patients with colon cancer diagnosed from 1998 through 2009 and followed up through 2011. Three sets of 6190 white patients were matched sequentially, using a minimum distance strategy, to the same set of 6190 black patients based on demographic (age; sex; diagnosis year; and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry), tumor presentation (demographic plus comorbidities, tumor stage, grade, and size), and treatment (presentation plus therapies) variables. We conducted sensitivity analyses to explore the effects of socioeconomic status in a subcohort that included 2000 randomly selected black patients. Racial differences in treatment were assessed using a logistic regression model; their effects on racial survival disparity were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model.After patients were matched for demographic variables, the absolute 5-year difference in survival between black and white patients was 8.3% (white, 59.2% 5-y survival; blacks, 50.9% 5-y survival) (P < .0001); this value decreased significantly, to 5.0% (P < .0001), after patients were matched for tumor presentation, and decreased to 4.9% (P < .0001) when patients were matched for treatment. Differences in treatment therefore accounted for 0.1% of the 8.3% difference in survival between black and white patients. After patients were matched for tumor presentation, racial disparities were observed in almost all types of treatment; the disparities were most prominent for patients with advanced-stage cancer (stages III or IV, up to an 11.1% difference) vs early stage cancer (stages I or II, up to a 4.3% difference). After patients were matched for treatment, there was a greater reduction in disparity for black vs white patients with advanced-stage compared with early-stage cancer. In sensitivity analyses, the 5-year racial survival disparity was 7.7% after demographic match, which was less than the 8.3% observed in the complete cohort. This reduction likely was owing to the differences between the subcohort and the complete cohort in those variables that were not included in the demographic match. This value was reduced to 6.5% (P = .0001) after socioeconomic status was included in the demographic match. The difference decreased significantly to 2.8% (P = .090) after tumor presentation match, but was not reduced further after treatment match.We observed significant disparities in treatment and survival of black vs white patients with colon cancer. The disparity in survival appears to have been affected more strongly by tumor presentation at diagnosis than treatment. The effects of treatment differences on disparities in survival were greater for patients with advanced-stage vs early-stage cancer.

Project description:Background:Racial disparities in cancer have been attributed to population differences in access to care. Differences in cancer overdiagnosis rates are another, less commonly considered cause of disparities. Here, we examine the contribution of overdiagnosis to observed racial disparities in papillary thyroid cancer and estrogen/progesterone receptor positive (ER/PR+) breast cancer. Methods:We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, End-Results (SEER) 13 for analysis of white and black non-Hispanic persons with papillary thyroid cancer or ER/PR+ breast cancer (1992-2014). Analyses were performed using SeerStat (v8.3.5, March 2018). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results:White persons had higher incidence of papillary thyroid cancer than black persons (14.3 vs 7.7 cases per 100?000 age-adjusted population) and ER/PR+ breast cancer (94.8 vs 70.9 cases per 100?000 age-adjusted population) (P < .001). In papillary thyroid cancer, the entire incidence difference was from more frequent diagnosis of 2-cm or less (10.0 vs 4.9 cases per 100?000 population) and localized or regional (13.8 vs 7.4 cases per 100?000 population) cancers in white persons (P < .001), without corresponding excess of metastatic disease, cancers greater than 4 cm, or incidence-based mortality in black persons. In women with ER/PR+ breast cancer, 95% of the incidence difference was from more 2-cm or less (61.2 vs 38.1 cases per 100?000 population) or 2.1- to 5-cm (25.4 vs 23.4 cases per 100?000 population), localized (65.1 vs 43.0 cases per 100?000 population) cancers diagnosed in white women (P < .001), with slightly higher incidence of tumors greater than 5 cm (10.1 vs 9.3 cases per 100?000 population, P < .001) and incidence-based mortality (8.1 vs 7.2 cases per 100?000 population, P < .001) among black women. Overall, 20-30 additional small or localized ER/PR+ breast cancers were diagnosed in white compared with black women for every large or advanced tumor avoided by early detection. Overdiagnosis was estimated 1.3-2.5 times (papillary thyroid cancer) and 1.7-5.7 times (ER/PR+ breast cancer) higher in white compared with black populations. Conclusions:Differences in low-risk cancer identification among populations lead to overestimation of racial disparities. Estimates of overdiagnosed cases should be considered to improve care and eliminate disparities while minimizing harms of overdiagnosis.

Dataset Information

Racial Disparities in Lung Cancer Survival: The Contribution of Stage, Treatment, and Ancestry.

Publications

Racial Disparities in Lung Cancer Survival: The Contribution of Stage, Treatment, and Ancestry.

Similar Datasets

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