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Protein Profile of Blood Monocytes is Altered in HTLV-1 Infected Patients: Implications for HAM/TSP Disease.

ABSTRACT: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The endothelial breakdown and migration of leukocytes, including monocytes, to the spinal cord are involved in HAM/TSP development. Monocytes from HTLV-1-infected individuals exhibit important functional differences when compared to cells from uninfected donors. Using proteomic shot gun strategy, performed by nanoACQUITY-UPLC system, we analyzed monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers (AC), HAM/TSP and uninfected individuals. 534 proteins were identified among which 376 were quantified by Expression^E software. Our study revealed a panel of changes in protein expression linked to HTLV-1 infection. Upregulation of heat shock proteins and downregulation of canonical histone expression were observed in monocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients. Moreover, expression of cytoskeleton proteins was increased in monocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients, mainly in those from HAM/TSP, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, functional assays demonstrated that monocytes from HAM/TSP patients present higher ability for adhesion and transmigration thought endothelium than those from AC and uninfected individuals. The major changes on monocyte protein profile were detected in HAM/TSP patients, suggesting that these alterations exert a relevant role in the establishment of HAM/TSP.

SUBMITTER: Echevarria-Lima J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6156329 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Protein Profile of Blood Monocytes is Altered in HTLV-1 Infected Patients: Implications for HAM/TSP Disease.

Echevarria-Lima Juliana J de Abreu Pereira Denise D de Oliveira Thais Silva TS de Melo Espíndola Otávio O Lima Marco Antonio MA Celestino Leite Ana Cláudia AC Sandim Vanessa V Rodrigues Nascimento Clarissa C E Kalume Dario D B Zingali Russolina R

Scientific reports 20180925 1

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The endothelial breakdown and migration of leukocytes, including monocytes, to the spinal cord are involved in HAM/TSP development. Monocytes from HTLV-1-infected individuals exhibit important functional differences when compared to cells from uninfected donors. Using proteomic shot gun strategy, performed by nanoACQUITY-UPLC system, we analyzed monocyt ...[more]

PMID: 30254298

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) that can be identified in around 0.25%-3.8% of the infected population. Disease progression can be monitored by the proviral load and may depend on genetic factors, however, it is not well understood why some HTLV-1 infected people develop the disease while others do not. The present study attempts to assess the molecular diversity of gp46 glycoprotein in HAM/TSP patients and Health Carrier (HC) individuals. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 10 individuals, and DNA was extracted from PBMCs to measure the HTLV-1 proviral load. The gp46 coding sequences were amplified PCR, cloned and sequenced. The molecular characterization was performed using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS: The median HTLV-1 proviral load of HC (n?=?5) and HAM/TSP (n?=?5) patients was similar (average 316,227 copies/106 PBMCs). The gp46 molecular characterization of 146 clones (70 HC and 76 HAM/TSP) revealed an overall diversity, within HC and HAM/TSP clones, of 0.4% and 0.6%, respectively. Five frequent mutations were detected among groups (HAM/TSP and HC clone sequences). A single amino acid (aa) substitution (S35L) was exclusive for the HC group, and three gp46 substitutions (F14S, N42H, G72S) were exclusive for the HAM/TSP group. The remaining frequent mutation (V247I) was present in both groups (p?=?0.0014). The in silico protein analysis revealed that the mutated alleles F14S and N42H represent more hydrophilic and flexible protein domains that are likely to be less antigenic. The Receptor Binding Domain is quite variable in the HAM/TSP group. Two other domains (aa 53-75 and 175-209) that contain multiple linear T-cell epitopes showed genetic diversity in both HAM/TSP and HC groups. Further analysis revealed 27 and 13 T-cell epitopes for class I HLA alleles and class II HLA alleles, when analyzing the entire gp46. CONCLUSIONS: The most common gp46 mutations were not associated clinical status because they were found in only one individual, except for the V247I mutation, that was found at viral clones from HAM/TSP ad HC individuals. Because of this, we cannot associate any of the gp46 found mutations with the clinical profile.

Project description:BackgroundHTLV-1 causes proliferation of clonal populations of infected T cells in vivo, each clone defined by a unique proviral integration site in the host genome. The proviral load is strongly correlated with odds of the inflammatory disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). There is evidence that asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (ACs) have a more effective CD8 + T cell response, including a higher frequency of HLA class I alleles able to present peptides from a regulatory protein of HTLV-1, HBZ. We have previously shown that specific features of the host genome flanking the proviral integration site favour clone survival and spontaneous expression of the viral transactivator protein Tax in naturally infected PBMCs ex vivo. However, the previous studies were not designed or powered to detect differences in integration site characteristics between ACs and HAM/TSP patients. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the genomic environment of the provirus differs systematically between ACs and HAM/TSP patients, and between individuals with strong or weak HBZ presentation.MethodsWe used our recently described high-throughput protocol to map and quantify integration sites in 95 HAM/TSP patients and 68 ACs from Kagoshima, Japan, and 75 ACs from Kumamoto, Japan. Individuals with 2 or more HLA class I alleles predicted to bind HBZ peptides were classified 'strong' HBZ binders; the remainder were classified 'weak binders'.ResultsThe abundance of HTLV-1-infected T cell clones in vivo was correlated with proviral integration in genes and in areas with epigenetic marks associated with active regulatory elements. In clones of equivalent abundance, integration sites in genes and active regions were significantly more frequent in ACs than patients with HAM/TSP, irrespective of HBZ binding and proviral load. Integration sites in genes were also more frequent in strong HBZ binders than weak HBZ binders.ConclusionClonal abundance is correlated with integration in a transcriptionally active genomic region, and these regions may promote cell proliferation. A clone that reaches a given abundance in vivo is more likely to be integrated in a transcriptionally active region in individuals with a more effective anti-HTLV-1 immune response, such those who can present HBZ peptides or those who remain asymptomatic.

Project description:BACKGROUND:As human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a rare chronic neurological disease, large scale studies to collect continuous clinical data have been difficult to conduct. Therefore, the incidence of comorbidities and drug utilization data remain unknown. When conducting trials to develop new drugs in rare disease such as HAM/TSP, historical control data obtained from registry studies would be useful, as cohorts in rare disease tend to be small. Long-term follow-up of patients with a chronic disease can also be challenging. In this study, we addressed the following two goals using registry data on patients (n = 486) enrolled in the Japanese HAM/TSP patient registry "HAM-net" from 2012 to 2016: 1) to clarify the epidemiological information of HAM/TSP such as the incidence of comorbidities and drug utilization and 2) to provide the real-world data on changes in lower limb motor dysfunction. RESULTS:In HAM-net-registered patients, common comorbidities were fractures, herpes zoster, and uveitis, with incidences of 55.5, 10.4, and 6.5, respectively, per 1000 person-years. Every year, oral steroid treatment was administered in 48.2-50.7% of the HAM-net-registered patients and interferon-α treatment was used in 2.6-3.5% of patients. The median dose of oral prednisolone was low at 5.0 mg/day. The incidence of fractures and herpes zoster tended to be higher in the steroid-treated group than in the untreated group (fractures: 61.0 vs. 48.3, herpes zoster: 12.7 vs. 8.8, per 1000 person-years). The analysis of chronological change in Osame motor disability score (OMDS) indicated that the mean change in OMDS was + 0.20 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.14-0.25] per year in the one-year observation group (n = 346) and + 0.57 (95% CI: 0.42-0.73) over four years in the four-year observation group (n = 148). Significant deterioration of OMDS was noted in all subgroups with varying steroid use status. CONCLUSIONS:This study revealed the incidence of comorbidities and drug utilization data in patients with HAM/TSP using registry data. Furthermore, this study provided real-world data on chronological changes in lower limb motor dysfunction in patients with HAM/TSP, indicating the utility of these data as historical controls.

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Protein Profile of Blood Monocytes is Altered in HTLV-1 Infected Patients: Implications for HAM/TSP Disease.

Publications

Protein Profile of Blood Monocytes is Altered in HTLV-1 Infected Patients: Implications for HAM/TSP Disease.

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