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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedling Rhizosphere Trichoderma and Fusarium spp. Communities Altered by Vanillic Acid.

ABSTRACT: Root exudates mediate soil microbiome composition and diversity, which might further influence plant development and health. Vanillic acid from root exudates is usually referred as autotoxin of cucumber, however, how vanillic acid affect soil microbial community diversities and abundances remains unclear. In this study, vanillic acid (VA; 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 ?mol g^-1 soil) was applied to soil every other day for a total of five applications. We used Illumina MiSeq sequencing, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to test the effects of VA on the total fungi community composition as well as the Trichoderma and Fusarium spp. community abundances and structures in the cucumber rhizosphere. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that VA (0.05 ?mol g^-1 soil) increased the relative abundance of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota while decreasing the relative abundance of Ascomycota (P < 0.05), and not altered the diversity of the soil fungal community. VA (0.05 ?mol g^-1 soil) also increased the relative abundances of the fungal genera with plant pathogens, such as Conocybe and Spizellomyces spp.(P < 0.05). A qPCR analysis showed that VA (0.05 to 0.2 ?mol g^-1 soil) exerted promoting effects on Trichoderma spp. community abundance and stimulated Fusarium spp. abundance at low concentrations (0.02 to 0.05 ?mol g^-1 soil) but inhibited it at high concentrations (0.1 to 0.2 ?mol g^-1 soil). The PCR-DGGE analysis showed that all concentrations of VA altered the community structures of Trichoderma spp. and that the application of VA (0.02 and 0.05 ?mol g^-1 soil) changed the band number and the Shannon-Wiener index of the Fusarium spp. community. This study demonstrated that VA changed the total fungal community in the cucumber seedling rhizosphere and that the Trichoderma and Fusarium spp. communities showed different responses to VA.

SUBMITTER: Chen S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6157394 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedling Rhizosphere Trichoderma and Fusarium spp. Communities Altered by Vanillic Acid.

Chen Shaocan S Yu Hongjie H Zhou Xingang X Wu Fengzhi F

Frontiers in microbiology 20180918

Root exudates mediate soil microbiome composition and diversity, which might further influence plant development and health. Vanillic acid from root exudates is usually referred as autotoxin of cucumber, however, how vanillic acid affect soil microbial community diversities and abundances remains unclear. In this study, vanillic acid (VA; 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μmol g-1 soil) was applied to soil every other day for a total of five applications. We used Illumina MiSeq sequencing, qua ...[more]

PMID: 30283420

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Project description:BackgroundPowdery mildew (PM) causing fungi are well-known pathogens, infecting over 10.000 plant species, including the economically important crop cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Loss-of-function mutations in clade V MLO genes have previously been shown to lead to recessively inherited broad-spectrum resistance to PM in several species. In cucumber, one clade V MLO homolog (CsaMLO8) was previously identified as being a susceptibility factor to PM. Two other closely related homologs (CsaMLO1 and CsaMLO11) were found, but their function was not yet unravelled.MethodsCsaMLO1 and CsaMLO11 were cloned from cucumber and overexpressed in a tomato mlo mutant. The transcript abundances of all three CsaMLO genes in different cucumber tissues were quantified using qRT-PCR and RNA-seq, with and without inoculation with the cucumber PM fungus Podosphaera xanthii. Allelic variation of CsaMLO1 and CsaMLO11 was screened in silico in sequenced cucumber germplasm.ResultsHeterologous overexpression of all three CsaMLO genes in the tomato mlo mutant restored susceptibility to PM caused by Oidium neolycopersici, albeit to a different extent: whereas overexpression of CsaMLO1 or CsaMLO8 completely restored susceptibility, overexpression of CsaMLO11 was only partially able to restore PM susceptibility. Furthermore, it was observed by qRT-PCR and RNA-seq that CsaMLO8 was significantly higher expressed in non-inoculated cucumber compared to the other two MLO genes. However, inoculation with P. xanthii led to upregulation of CsaMLO1, but not to upregulation of CsaMLO8 or CsaMLO11.ConclusionsBoth CsaMLO1 and CsaMLO11 are functional susceptibility genes, although we conclude that based on the transcript abundance CsaMLO8 is probably the major clade V MLO gene in cucumber regarding providing susceptibility to PM. Potential loss-of-function mutations in CsaMLO1 and CsaMLO11 have not been identified. The generation and analysis of such mutants are interesting subjects for further investigation.

Dataset Information

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedling Rhizosphere Trichoderma and Fusarium spp. Communities Altered by Vanillic Acid.

Publications

Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Seedling Rhizosphere <i>Trichoderma</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. Communities Altered by Vanillic Acid.

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