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Nanoparticles and nanothermia for malignant brain tumors, a suggestion of treatment for further investigations.

ABSTRACT: The current treatment for brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), has not been developed enough yet in order to fully heal them. The main causes are the lack of specificity of the treatments, the difficulty of passage of drugs through the blood-brain barrier, heterogeneity and tumor aggressiveness, and widespread dissemination in the brain. The application of nanoparticles (Nps) have been a breakthrough for both diagnostic imaging and targeted therapies. There have been numerous studies with different types of Nps in brain tumors, but we have focused on thermosensitive liposomes, which are characterized by releasing the chemotherapeutic agent included within its lipophilic membranes through heat. Furthermore, increasing the temperature in brain tumors through hyperthermia has been proven therapeutically beneficial. Nanothermia or modulated-electro-hyperthermia (MEHT) is an improved technique that allows to create hot spots in nanorange at the membrane rafts, specifically in tumor cells, theoretically increasing the selectivity of the damage. In scientific records, experiments that combine both techniques (thermosensitive liposomes and nanothermia) have never been conducted. We propose a hypothesis for further research.

SUBMITTER: Prieto C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6158037 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep-Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanoparticles and nanothermia for malignant brain tumors, a suggestion of treatment for further investigations.

Prieto Cristina C Linares Isabel I

Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology 20180906 5

The current treatment for brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), has not been developed enough yet in order to fully heal them. The main causes are the lack of specificity of the treatments, the difficulty of passage of drugs through the blood-brain barrier, heterogeneity and tumor aggressiveness, and widespread dissemination in the brain. The application of nanoparticles (Nps) have been a breakthrough for both diagnostic imaging and targeted therapies. There have been numerous stu ...[more]

PMID: 30263017

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Project description:Antibodies have been shown to be a potent therapeutic tool. However, their use for targeting brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers, has been limited, particularly because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes brain tissue hard to access by conventional antibody-targeting strategies. In this review, we summarize new antibody therapeutic approaches to target brain tumors, especially malignant gliomas, as well as their potential drawbacks. Many different brain delivery platforms for antibodies have been studied such as liposomes, nanoparticle-based systems, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), and cell-based approaches. We have already shown the successful delivery of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) with CPP as a linker between two variable domains in the brain. Antibodies normally face poor penetration through the BBB, with some variants sufficiently passing the barrier on their own. A "Trojan horse" method allows passage of biomolecules, such as antibodies, through the BBB by receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). Such examples of therapeutic antibodies are the bispecific antibodies where one binding specificity recognizes and binds a BBB receptor, enabling RMT and where a second binding specificity recognizes an antigen as a therapeutic target. On the other hand, cell-based systems such as stem cells (SCs) are a promising delivery system because of their tumor tropism and ability to cross the BBB. Genetically engineered SCs can be used in gene therapy, where they express anti-tumor drugs, including antibodies. Different types and sources of SCs have been studied for the delivery of therapeutics to the brain; both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) show great potential. Following the success in treatment of leukemias and lymphomas, the adoptive T-cell therapies, especially the chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-Ts), are making their way into glioma treatment as another type of cell-based therapy using the antibody to bind to the specific target(s). Finally, the current clinical trials are reviewed, showing the most recent progress of attractive approaches to deliver therapeutic antibodies across the BBB aiming at the specific antigen.

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Nanoparticles and nanothermia for malignant brain tumors, a suggestion of treatment for further investigations.

Publications

Nanoparticles and nanothermia for malignant brain tumors, a suggestion of treatment for further investigations.

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