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Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Hydrocephalus is a debilitating disorder, affecting all age groups. Evaluation of its global epidemiology is required for healthcare planning and resource allocation. OBJECTIVES:To define age-specific global prevalence and incidence of hydrocephalus. METHODS:Population-based studies reporting prevalence of hydrocephalus were identified (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar (1985-2017)). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Two authors reviewed abstracts, full text articles and abstracted data. Metanalysis and meta-regressions were used to assess associations between key variables. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Main outcome of interest was hydrocephalus prevalence among pediatric (? 18 years), adults (19-64 years), and elderly (? 65) patients. Annual hydrocephalus incidence stratified by country income level and folate fortification requirements were obtained (2003-2014) from the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR). RESULTS:Of 2,460 abstracts, 52 met review eligibility criteria (aggregate population 171,558,651). Mean hydrocephalus prevalence was 85/100,000 [95% CI 62, 116]. The prevalence was 88/100,000 [95% CI 72, 107] in pediatrics; 11/100,000 [95% CI 5, 25] in adults; and 175/100,000 [95% CI 67, 458] in the elderly. The ICBDSR-based incidence of hydrocephalus diagnosed at birth remained stable over 11 years: 81/100,000 [95% CI 69, 96]. A significantly lower incidence was identified in high-income countries. CONCLUSION:This systematic review established age-specific global hydrocephalus prevalence. While high-income countries had a lower hydrocephalus incidence according to the ICBDSR registry, folate fortification status was not associated with incidence. Our findings may inform future healthcare resource allocation and study.

SUBMITTER: Isaacs AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6166961 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance.

Isaacs Albert M AM Riva-Cambrin Jay J Yavin Daniel D Hockley Aaron A Pringsheim Tamara M TM Jette Nathalie N Lethebe Brendan Cord BC Lowerison Mark M Dronyk Jarred J Hamilton Mark G MG

PloS one 20181001 10

<h4>Background</h4>Hydrocephalus is a debilitating disorder, affecting all age groups. Evaluation of its global epidemiology is required for healthcare planning and resource allocation.<h4>Objectives</h4>To define age-specific global prevalence and incidence of hydrocephalus.<h4>Methods</h4>Population-based studies reporting prevalence of hydrocephalus were identified (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar (1985-2017)). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses g ...[more]

PMID: 30273390

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Project description:BackgroundPodoconiosis is one of the few diseases that could potentially be eliminated within one generation. Nonetheless, the global distribution of the disease remains largely unknown. The global atlas of podoconiosis was conceived to define the epidemiology and distribution of podoconiosis through dedicated surveys and assembling the available epidemiological data.MethodsWe have synthesized the published literature on the epidemiology of podoconiosis. Through systematic searches in SCOPUS and MEDLINE from inception to February 14, 2018, we identified observational and population-based studies reporting podoconiosis. To establish existence of podoconiosis, we used case reports and presence data. For a study to be included in the prevalence synthesis, it needed to be a population-based survey that involved all residents within a specific area. Studies that did not report original data were excluded. We undertook descriptive analyses of the extracted data. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018084959.ResultsWe identified 3,260 records, of which 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Podoconiosis was described to exist or be endemic in 32 countries, 18 from the African Region, 3 from Asia and 11 from Latin America. Overall, podoconiosis prevalence ranged from 0·10% to 8.08%, was highest in the African region, and was substantially higher in adults than in children and adolescents. The highest reported prevalence values were in Africa (8.08% in Cameroon, 7.45% in Ethiopia, 4.52% in Uganda, 3.87% in Kenya and 2.51% in Tanzania). In India, a single prevalence of 0.21% was recorded from Manipur, Mizoram and Rajasthan states. None of the Latin American countries reported prevalence data.ConclusionOur data suggest that podoconiosis is more widespread in the African Region than in the rest of the regions, although this could be related to the fact that most podoconiosis epidemiological research has been focused in the African continent. The assembled dataset confirms that comprehensive podoconiosis control strategies such as promotion of footwear and personal hygiene are urgently needed in endemic parts of Africa. Mapping, active surveillance and a systematic approach to the monitoring of disease burden must accompany the implementation of podoconiosis control activities.

Project description:BackgroundGlobally, complications of preterm birth are among the most common cause of neonatal mortality. In Ethiopia, the neonatal mortality reduction is not worthy of attention. Hence, this study reviewed the prevalence of preterm birth and factors associated with preterm birth in Ethiopia.MethodsThe review protocol of this study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017077356). The PRISMA guideline was followed for this review. Studies that assessed the prevalence and/or associated factors of preterm birth in Ethiopia and published from Jan 01, 2009 to Dec 31, 2019 were considered. Studies were searched from the PubMed and Science Direct among medical electronic databases and Google Scholar. Random-effects model was used for detected heterogeneity among studies. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were assessed. Pooled estimates with its 95% confidence interval were reported using forest plots. The quality of evidence from the review was assessed using GRADE approach.ResultsTwenty-two studies involving a total of 12,279 participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of preterm birth in Ethiopia was 10.48% (95% CI: 7.98-12.99). Pooled odds ratio showed rural residence (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.35-4.05), being anemic (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.85-3.64), < 4 antenatal care visits (AOR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.73-3.33), pregnancy induced hypertension (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI: 2.45-4.97), prelabor rapture of membrane (AOR = 4.42, 95% CI: 2.28-8.57), antepartum hemorrhage (AOR = 5.02, 95% CI: 2.90-8.68), multiple pregnancies (AOR = 3.89, 95% CI: 2.52-5.99), past adverse birth outcomes (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI: 2.53-4.15) and chronic illness (AOR = 4.89, 95%CI: 3.12-7.66) were associated with increased likelihood of preterm birth. Further, support during pregnancy was associated with reduced occurrence of preterm birth.ConclusionThe pooled national level prevalence of preterm birth in Ethiopia is high. Socio demographic, nutritional, health care, obstetric and gynecologic, chronic illness and medical conditions, behavioral and lifestyle factors are the major associated factors of preterm birth in Ethiopia. This evidence is graded as low grade. Thus, efforts should be intensified to address reported risk factors to relieve the burden of preterm birth in the study setting, Ethiopia.

Project description:Background: Benzodiazepines have been widely used in clinical practice for over four decades and continue to be one of the most consumed and highly prescribed class of drugs available in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The literature indicates that Benzodiazepine users at a significantly increased risk of Motor Vehicle accidents compared to non-users but the impact on injuries at workplace is not well-defined. We aimed to investigate whether use of benzodiazepine is associated with increased risk of occupational injuries (OI). Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) among case controls, cross-sectional studies, either questionnaire or laboratory exams based. Results: A total of 13 studies met inclusion criteria, involving 324,168 OI from seven different countries, with an estimated occurrence of benzodiazepine positivity of 2.71% (95% CI 1.45-4.98). A total of 14 estimates were retrieved. Of them, 10 were based on laboratory analyses, three on institutional databases, while one study was based on questionnaires. Regarding the occupational groups, three estimates focused on commercial drivers (0.73%, 95% CI 0.12-4.30), that exhibited a reduced risk ratio for benzodiazepine positivity compared to other occupational groups (RR 0.109, 95% CI 0.063-0.187). Eventually, no increased risk for benzodiazepine positivity was identified, either from case control studies (OR 1.520, 95% CI 0.801-2.885, I 2 76%), or cross sectional studies, when only laboratory based estimates were taken in account (OR 0.590, 95% CI 0.253-1.377, I 2 63%). Conclusions: Even though benzodiazepines have the potential to increase injury rates among casual and chronic users, available evidence are insufficient to sustain this hypothesis, particularly when focusing on laboratory-based studies (i.e., studies the characterized the benzodiazepine immediately before the event).

Project description:IntroductionForced migration is occurring at unprecedented levels. Forced migrants may be at risk for substance use for reasons including coping with traumatic experiences, co-morbid mental health disorders, acculturation challenges and social and economic inequality. This paper aimed to systematically review the literature examining substance use among forced migrants, and identify priority areas for intervention and future research.MethodsSeven medical, allied health and social science databases were searched from inception to September 2015 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify original peer-reviewed articles describing any findings relating to alcohol and/or illicit drug use among refugees, internally displaced people (IDPs), asylum seekers, people displaced by disasters and deportees. A descriptive synthesis of evidence from quantitative studies was conducted, focusing primarily on studies which used validated measures of substance use. Synthesis of evidence from qualitative studies focused on identifying prominent themes relating to the contexts and consequences of substance use. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists were used to assess methodological quality of included studies.ResultsForty-four quantitative (82% cross-sectional), 16 qualitative and three mixed-methods studies were included. Ten studies were rated as high methodological quality (16%), 39 as moderate quality (62%) and 14 as low quality (22%). The majority of research was conducted among refugees, IDPs and asylum seekers (n = 55, 87%), predominantly in high-income settings. The highest-quality prevalence estimates of hazardous/harmful alcohol use ranged from 17%-36% in camp settings and 4%-7% in community settings. Few studies collected validated measures of illicit drug use. Seven studies compared substance use among forced migrants to other migrant or native-born samples. Among eight studies which conducted multivariable analysis, male sex, trauma exposure and symptoms of mental illness were commonly identified correlates of substance use.ConclusionOur understanding of substance use among forced migrants remains limited, particularly regarding persons displaced due to disasters, development and deportation. Despite a growing body of work among refugee-background populations, few studies include refugees in low and middle-income countries, where over 80% of the global refugee population resides. Findings suggest a need to integrate substance use prevention and treatment into services offered to forced migrants, particularly in camp settings. Efforts to develop and evaluate interventions to reduce substance use and related harms are needed.

Project description:Introduction:Low birth weight (LBW) is an important general health indicator. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of LBW in Iran. Method:This meta-analysis was reported based on the PRISMA guidelines. All stages were independently performed by two authors. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020163446). We searched epidemiological studies at international databases of Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engine, as well as Iranian databases of SID, IranDoc, Iranian National Library, Barakat Knowledge Network System, RICST and Magiran using MeSH keywords without time limit until 2019. After selecting the studies, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and qualitative assessment, the data were analyzed based on random effects model using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results:The prevalence of LBW in Iran was 7.95% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.36-8.58) in 62 studies with a sample size of 301,839 newborns. The prevalence of LBW in girls and boys was 8.41% (95%CI: 7.47-9.45) and 6.67% (95%CI: 5.86-7.59), respectively. The girls-to-boys odds ratio of LBW was 1.25 (95%CI: 1.13-1.39, P < 0.001) very LBW and extremely LBW prevalence was estimated to be 0.61% (95%CI: 0.40-0.93) and 0.29% (95% CI: 0.18-0.45), respectively. The risk factors for LBW were age of >35 versus [vs.] ?35 (P = 0.024), age of <18 vs. ?18 (P < 0.001), education of middle school and lower vs. high school and higher (P < 0.001), weight under 50 kg (P = 0.001), employed vs. housekeeper (P < 0.001), inadequate prenatal care (P = 0.046), interval with previous pregnancy <2 vs. >2 (P < 0.001), prematurity (P < 0.001), history of LBW (P < 0.001), multiple birth (P < 0.001), abortion (P < 0.001), vaginal bleeding (P < 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.001) and preeclampsia (P < 0.001). Conclusion:The results of this meta-analysis showed that LBW is prevalent in Iran. This study can be a national database for LBW that would be of interest to Iranian health policy-makers and planners.

Dataset Information

Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance.

Publications

Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance.

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