Dataset Information

Obesity Is Associated with Early Onset of Gastrointestinal Cancers in California.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Although it is well known that obesity is a risk factor for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, it is not well established if obesity can cause earlier GI cancer onset.

Methods

A cross-sectional study examining the linked 2004-2008 California Cancer Registry Patient Discharge Database was performed to evaluate the association between obesity and onset age among four gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Regression models were constructed to adjust for other carcinogenic factors.

Results

The diagnosis of obesity (BMI?>?30) was associated with a reduction in diagnosis age across all four cancer types: 3.25?±?0.53 years for gastric cancer, 4.56?±?0.18 years for colorectal cancer, 4.73?±?0.73 years for esophageal cancer, and 5.35?±?0.72 for pancreatic cancer. The diagnosis of morbid obesity (BMI?>?40) was associated with a more pronounced reduction in the age of diagnosis: 5.48?±?0.96 years for gastric cancer, 7.75?±?0.30 years for colorectal cancer, 7.67?±?1.26 years for esophageal cancer, and 8.19?±?1.25 years for pancreatic cancer. Both morbid obesity and obesity remained strongly associated with earlier cancer diagnosis for all four cancer types even after adjusting for other available cancer risk factors.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of obesity, especially morbid obesity, was associated with a significantly earlier gastrointestinal cancer onset in California. Further research with prospective cohort data may be required to establish the causal relationship between obesity and cancer onset age.

SUBMITTER: Juo YY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6169206 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Obesity Is Associated with Early Onset of Gastrointestinal Cancers in California.

Juo Yen-Yi YY Gibbons Melinda A Maggard MAM Dutson Erik E Lin Anne Y AY Yanagawa Jane J Hines O Joe OJ Eibl Guido G Chen Yijun Y

Journal of obesity 20180919

<h4>Background</h4>Although it is well known that obesity is a risk factor for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, it is not well established if obesity can cause earlier GI cancer onset.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study examining the linked 2004-2008 California Cancer Registry Patient Discharge Database was performed to evaluate the association between obesity and onset age among four gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Regression models ...[more]

PMID: 30327727

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Project description:ImportanceRecent studies have documented an association between overweight and obesity and certain cancers, as well as an increased incidence of obesity-associated cancers (OACs) in younger individuals. However, although important for cancer-control efforts, it is not known which subgroups of the population are most affected by these changes.ObjectiveTo examine temporal shifts in age distribution of OACs and non-OACs across race/ethnicity- and sex-specific strata.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based, cross-sectional study assessed individuals residing in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results sites who were diagnosed with incident OACs and non-OACs from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016. Data analysis was performed from August 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019.ExposureStudy years.Main outcomes and measuresChanges in the age distribution of incident cases across race/ethnicity- and sex-specific strata over time. For all OACs and non-OACs, changes in the incidence rates, the number of incident cases, and the distribution of the cases across population subgroups were studied. Race/ethnicity- and sex-stratified logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether the annual change in the odds associated with an age group increased (or decreased) to a greater (or lesser) extent in OACs than in non-OACs. Heat maps were created to highlight the change in the number of cases during the study period for each OAC and select non-OACs.ResultsThe study population included 2 665 574 incident OAC cases (70.3% women) and 3 448 126 incident non-OAC cases (32.0% women). From 2000 to 2016, the distribution by age showed that the percentage of incident cases increased in the 50- to 64-year age group for both OACs and non-OACs. The increase in the number of OACs in this age group ranged from 25.3% in non-Hispanic white women to 197.8% in Hispanic men. The change in the number of OACs in the 20- to 49-year age group ranged from -5.9% in non-Hispanic white women to 94.6% in Hispanic women, and the increase in the number of OACs in the 65 years or older group ranged from 2.5% in non-Hispanic white women to 102.0% in Hispanic women. Logistic regression analysis revealed a greater annual increase in the odds for OACs than for non-OACs for individuals in the 50- to 64-year age group but a decrease for individuals in the 65 years or older group. Among men in the 50- to 64-year age group, the OAC to non-OAC ratio of odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.005 (95% CI, 1.002-1.008) in non-Hispanic black men to 1.013 (95% CI, 1.012-1.014) in non-Hispanic white men, implying that the annual increase was 0.5% higher for OACs than for non-OACs in non-Hispanic black men and 1.3% higher for OACs than for non-OACs in non-Hispanic white men. Among women in the 50- to 64-year age group, the OAC to non-OAC ratio of ORs ranged from 1.002 (95% CI, 0.999-1.006) in Hispanic women to 1.005 (95% CI, 1.002-1.009) in non-Hispanic black women. In men and women aged 65 or older, the OAC vs non-OAC ratio of ORs was consistently less than 1.000 for all race/ethnicity groups, indicating that whereas the OAC group experienced a decrease in this age group, the non-OACs experienced either a smaller decrease or an increase over time.Conclusions and relevanceThis study indicates that from 2000 to 2016, a shift toward younger age groups occurred in incident OACs. The findings have important public health implications and suggest that interventions to reduce obesity and to implement individualized screening programs are needed.

Dataset Information

Obesity Is Associated with Early Onset of Gastrointestinal Cancers in California.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Obesity Is Associated with Early Onset of Gastrointestinal Cancers in California.

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