Dataset Information

Sport motivation and doping in adolescent athletes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Although performance-enhancing drugs appear to be prevalent in adolescent sports, relatively little attention has been paid to why adolescent athletes decide to use these drugs. In this study, we examine doping among adolescents from a motivational perspective and explore how motivational variables, such as achievement goal orientations and the perceived self-determination of sports activities, may be related to moral attitudes, doping intentions and doping behavior in adolescents who participate in competitive sports.

Methodology

The study included 1035 adolescents participating in competitive sports from all regions of the Czech Republic (mean age = 16.3 years). The respondents completed a battery of questionnaires assessing their achievement goal orientations (task, ego), sports motivation at various levels of self-determination (intrinsic motivation, external regulation, amotivation), moral attitudes toward sport competition (acceptance of cheating, keeping winning in proportion, attitudes toward doping), doping intentions and doping behavior. A structural equation model was used to test the relations among motivational variables, attitudes, intentions and doping behavior.

Principal results

Our analyses indicated a good fit with the proposed model, which explained 59% of the variance in doping intentions and 17.6% of the variance in doping behavior. Within the model, task orientation was positively associated with intrinsic motivation and lower amotivation, whereas ego orientation was positively associated with extrinsic regulation and amotivation. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation was positively associated with keeping winning in proportion and negatively associated with acceptance of cheating and attitudes toward doping; the less self-determined forms of motivation showed opposite relationships. However, only the acceptance of cheating and attitudes toward doping were related to doping intention, which subsequently predicted doping behavior.

Conclusions/significance

The results provide further evidence that sports motivation represents a psychological variable that should be considered in anti-doping policies, programs, and interventions aimed at the adolescent population because motivation was linked to the doping-related attitudinal variables and also partially mediated the effect of achievement goal orientations in this regard. On the basis of these results, we may argue that the focus on intrinsic enjoyment, self-referenced criteria of success and self-improvement may be related to more negative attitudes toward doping and cheating, lower doping intentions and less frequent doping behavior, whereas the emphasis on competition, comparison with others and external motivation appear to be related to the opposite outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Mudrak J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6171920 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:ContextPlyometric training has been shown to be beneficial in adolescent overhead athletes. However, existing research on the effects of plyometrics on sport performance has been limited.ObjectiveTo systematically review the current literature to investigate whether plyometric training intervention improves upper- and lower-body sport performance.Data sourcesTwo electronic databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science) were searched using specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms up to February 2019, and hand-searching was performed by looking to relevant studies that were cited in other studies.Study selectionA total of 932 items were identified and were further assessed for the eligibility in the systematic review. For a study to be eligible, each of the following inclusion criteria had to be met: (1) participants were aged 13 to 18 years and selected from a sports or athletic population and the study (2) involved the evaluation of a plyometric training intervention with an aim to improve sports performance; (3) must have included a control intervention and/or control group; (4) included a quantitative objective measure of sport performance variables concerning throwing, jumping, running, and sprinting; and (5) was published in English.Study designSystematic review.Level of evidenceLevel 3.Data extractionA first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, the full text of the remaining articles was evaluated for the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to moderate. There is moderate evidence that plyometric training intervention improves throwing and jumping performances. There is also preliminary evidence that plyometric training intervention improves sprint performance.ConclusionThe current evidence suggests that sport performance consisting of throwing capacity, jumping ability, and sprint performance significantly improved due to plyometric training interventions in adolescent overhead athletes.

Project description:BackgroundAthletes display persistent muscle deficits and altered limb-loading mechanics at the time of return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).PurposeTo compare an objective profile of adolescent athletes at RTS after ACLR to matched healthy controls.Study designCross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.MethodsIncluded were 124 participants; 62 patients who underwent ACLR (15.4 ± 1.7 years) and 62 healthy controls (15.3 ± 1.7 years). Motion capture and force plates were used to capture joint motions during jump landing (JL) and single-limb squat (SLS) tasks. Energy absorption contribution (EAC) was calculated, and repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess for EAC differences between groups. Participants completed an International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, and isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength testing was performed on each limb. Independent t tests were run to examine age, height, weight, and IKDC scores as well as compare differences between groups for quadriceps and hamstring strength.ResultsA significant group × joint interaction was found for JL (P < .001) and SLS (P < .001). For JL, patients who underwent ACLR utilized significantly greater hip (P < .001) and significantly less knee (P < .001) EAC on the surgical limb compared with controls. During SLS, patients who underwent ACLR utilized significantly greater hip (P < .001) and significantly less knee (P < .001) EAC on the surgical limb compared with controls. The ACLR cohort demonstrated lower IKDC scores (P < .001) and significantly lower quadriceps strength on the surgical limb (P < .001) than controls. There were no differences in surgical limb hamstring strength between the ACLR cohort and healthy controls (P = .701).ConclusionCompared with matched healthy controls, the participants who underwent ACLR in this study demonstrated an inferior objective profile at RTS, consisting of deficits in surgical limb loading, self-reported outcomes, and strength.