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Psychosocial Predictors of Physical Activity Change Among College Students in an Obesity Prevention Trial.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is critical for maintaining a healthy weight, although little is known about psychological barriers to maintaining MVPA in at-risk groups. Identifying characteristics associated with poor MVPA maintenance in obesity prevention programs could improve participant outcomes. METHODS:Toward this end, we examined predictors of MVPA in an obesity prevention trial for college students at risk for weight gain (n = 333; 72% female, mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m2). Participants engaged in 1 of 3 weight control interventions and in 4 assessments over 12-month follow-up (ie, measured height/weight, self-reports of psychosocial characteristics, 4 days of accelerometer wear). RESULTS:Multilevel modeling analyses showed that across conditions, participants decreased total MVPA minutes per week over 12 months (B = -5.48, P < .01). Baseline self-report scores for both impulsiveness and cognitive dissonance regarding engaging in unhealthy behaviors negatively predicted MVPA over time. Participants higher (vs. lower) in baseline impulsiveness (B = -6.89, P = .03) and dissonance (B = -4.10, P = .04) began the study with more MVPA minutes, but showed sharper declines over time. CONCLUSIONS:Targeted MVPA-focused intervention for students who show elevated impulsiveness and cognitive dissonance may improve both MVPA and weight control outcomes for these individuals.

SUBMITTER: Arigo D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6175286 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Psychosocial Predictors of Physical Activity Change Among College Students in an Obesity Prevention Trial.

Arigo Danielle D Rohde Paul P Shaw Heather H Stice Eric E

Journal of physical activity & health 20170314 7

<h4>Background</h4>Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is critical for maintaining a healthy weight, although little is known about psychological barriers to maintaining MVPA in at-risk groups. Identifying characteristics associated with poor MVPA maintenance in obesity prevention programs could improve participant outcomes.<h4>Methods</h4>Toward this end, we examined predictors of MVPA in an obesity prevention trial for college students at risk for weight gain (n = 333; 72% female, me ...[more]

PMID: 28290744

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Project description:Objective: To determine whether psychosocial constructs targeted in an online physical activity intervention for Latinas mediated changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Method: Data were taken from a randomized trial of a web-based MVPA intervention for Latina women age 18-65 (N = 205) based on social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model. Baseline and 6-month measures included minutes/week of MVPA (ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometers and 7-Day Physical Activity Recall Interview) and theorized mediators (self-efficacy, behavioral processes, cognitive processes, social support, enjoyment). A multiple mediation model adjusting for baseline MVPA was fit using a products of coefficients method, simultaneously testing all hypothesized mediators. Results: MVPA increased more in the intervention group than controls by 50 min/week (self-report) and 31 min/week (accelerometers). For the self-reported MVPA model, there was an intervention effect (a-path coefficient) on self-efficacy (b = 0.43, p < .01), cognitive processes (b = 0.64, p < .01), behavioral processes (b = 0.54, p < .01), and enjoyment (b = 9.91, p = .01). Changes in self-efficacy (b = 24.54, p = .03), social support from friends (b = 2.36, p = .04), and enjoyment (a = 0.74, p = .08) were associated with changes in MVPA (b-path coefficient). However, only changes in self-efficacy (b = 10.49, 95% CI [2.46, 24.54]) and enjoyment (b = 7.30, 95% CI [0.92, 21.78]) mediated the intervention effect on MVPA (ab-path coefficient). For the accelerometer-measured MVPA model, intervention effects were significant for self-efficacy (b = 0.48, p < .01), cognitive processes (b = 0.62, p < .01), and behavioral processes (b = 0.61, p < .01), yet only self-efficacy was associated with changes in MVPA (b = 4.43, p = .03), and mediated intervention effects on MVPA (b = 12.15, 95% CI [11.25, 16.34]). Conclusions: Future MVPA interventions with Latinas should target self-efficacy and enjoyment to maximize efficacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Project description:BackgroundTo explore university students' Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) testing knowledge, psychosocial and demographic predictors of past STI testing behaviour, intentions to have an STI test, and high risk sexual behaviour, to inform interventions promoting STI testing in this population.MethodsA cross-sectional, quantitative online survey was conducted in March 2016, recruiting university students from North East Scotland via an all-student email. The anonymous questionnaire assessed student demographics (e.g. sex, ethnicity, age), STI testing behaviours, sexual risk behaviours, knowledge and five psychological constructs thought to be predictive of STI testing from theory and past research: attitudes, perceived susceptibility to STIs, social norms, social fear and self-efficacy.ResultsThe sample contained 1294 sexually active students (response rate 10%) aged 18-63, mean age?=?23.61 (SD 6.39), 888 (69%) were female. Amongst participants, knowledge of STIs and testing was relatively high, and students held generally favourable attitudes. 52% reported ever having an STI test, 13% intended to have one in the next month; 16% reported unprotected sex with more than one 'casual' partner in the last six months. Being female, older, a postgraduate, longer UK residence, STI knowledge, perceived susceptibility, subjective norms, attitudes and self-efficacy all positively predicted past STI testing behaviour (p?<?0.01). Perceived susceptibility to STIs and social norms positively predicted intentions to have an STI test in the next month (p??<?0.05); perceived susceptibility also predicted past high-risk sexual behaviour (p?<?0.01).ConclusionsSeveral psychosocial predictors of past STI testing, of high-risk sexual behaviour and future STI intentions were identified. Health promotion STI testing interventions could focus on male students and target knowledge, attitude change, and increasing perceived susceptibility to STIs, social norms and self-efficacy towards STI-testing.

Project description:INTRODUCTION:The effects of Build Our Kids Success-a 12-week, 1-hour before-school physical activity program-on BMI and social-emotional wellness among kindergarten to eighth grade students was examined. STUDY DESIGN:This was a nonrandomized trial. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS:Participants were from 24 schools in Massachusetts; there were 707 children from kindergarten to eighth grade. INTERVENTION:Children registered for Build Our Kids Success in 2015-2016 participated in a 2 days/week or 3 days/week program. Nonparticipating children served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At baseline and 12 weeks, study staff measured children's heights/weights; children aged ?8 years completed surveys. Main outcomes were 12-week change in BMI z-score, odds of a lower BMI category at follow-up, and child report of social-emotional wellness. Analyses were completed in March-June 2017. RESULTS:Follow-up BMI was obtained from 67% of children and self-reported surveys from 72% of age-eligible children. Children in the 3 days/week group had improvements in BMI z-score (-0.22, 95% CI= -0.31, -0.14) and this mean change was significantly different than the comparison group (-0.17 difference, 95% CI= -0.27, -0.07). Children in the 3 days/week group also had higher odds of being in a lower BMI category at follow-up (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.12, 1.62); significantly different than the comparison group (p<0.01). Children in the 2 days/week program had no significant changes in BMI outcomes. Children in the 3 days/week group demonstrated improvement in their student engagement scores (0.79 units, p=0.05) and had nonsignificant improvements in reported peer relationships, affect, and life satisfaction versus comparison. The 2 days/week group had significant improvements in positive affect and vitality/energy versus comparison. CONCLUSIONS:A 3 days/week before-school physical activity program resulted in improved BMI and prevented increases in child obesity. Both Build Our Kids Success groups had improved social-emotional wellness versus controls. TRIAL REGISTRATION:This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03190135.

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Psychosocial Predictors of Physical Activity Change Among College Students in an Obesity Prevention Trial.

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Psychosocial Predictors of Physical Activity Change Among College Students in an Obesity Prevention Trial.

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