Dataset Information

Gene coexpression network analysis combined with metabonomics reveals the resistance responses to powdery mildew in Tibetan hulless barley.

ABSTRACT: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that represents a ubiquitous threat to crop plants. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify molecular and physiological changes in Tibetan hulless barley in response to powdery mildew. There were 3418 genes and 405 metabolites differentially expressed between the complete resistance cultivar G7 and the sensitive cultivar Z13. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was carried out, and the differentially expressed genes were enriched in five and four major network modules in G7 and Z13, respectively. Further analyses showed that phytohormones, photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were altered during Qingke-Blumeria graminis (DC.) f.sp. hordei (Bgh) interaction. Comparative analyses showed a correspondence between gene expression and metabolite profiles, and the activated defenses resulted in changes of metabolites involved in plant defense response, such as phytohormones, lipids, flavone and flavonoids, phenolamides, and phenylpropanoids. This study enabled the identification of Bgh responsive genes and provided new insights into the dynamic physiological changes that occur in Qingke during response to powdery mildew. These findings greatly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of induced defense response in Qingke and will provide new clues for the development of resistant Tibetan hulless barley varieties.

SUBMITTER: Yuan H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6175840 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gene coexpression network analysis combined with metabonomics reveals the resistance responses to powdery mildew in Tibetan hulless barley.

Yuan Hongjun H Zeng Xingquan X Yang Qiaofeng Q Xu Qijun Q Wang Yulin Y Jabu Dunzhu D Sang Zha Z Tashi Nyima N

Scientific reports 20181008 1

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that represents a ubiquitous threat to crop plants. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify molecular and physiological changes in Tibetan hulless barley in response to powdery mildew. There were 3418 genes and 405 metabolites differentially expressed between the complete resistance cultivar G7 and the sensitive cultivar Z13. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was carried out, and the differentially expressed genes were enriched i ...[more]

PMID: 30297768

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Project description:A large-scale parallel expression analysis was conducted to elucidate Mla-specified responses to powdery mildew infection using 22K Barley1 GeneChip probe arrays. Our goal was to identify genes differentially expressed in incompatible (resistant) vs. compatible (susceptible) and Mla-specified Rar1-dependent vs. -independent interactions. A split-split-plot design with 108 experimental units (3 replications x 2 isolates x 3 genotypes x 6 time points) was used to profile near-isogenic lines containing the Mla1, Mla6, and Mla13 resistance specificities in response to inoculation with the Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) isolates 5874 (AvrMla1, AvrMla6) and K1 (AvrMla1, AvrMla13). ****[PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Rico Caldo. The equivalent experiment is BB4 at PLEXdb.] genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 0 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 8 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 16 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 20 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 24 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 32 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 0 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 8 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 16 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 20 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 24 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16137 (Mla1) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 32 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 0 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 8 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 16 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 20 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 24 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 32 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 0 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 8 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 16 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 20 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 24 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16151 (Mla6) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 32 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 0 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 8 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 16 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 20 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 24 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh 5874 - time: 32 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 0 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 8 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 16 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 20 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 24 hai(3-replications); genotype: CI 16155 (Mla13) - pathogen isolates: Bgh K1 - time: 32 hai(3-replications)

Project description:Protein effectors of pathogenicity are instrumental in modulating host immunity and disease resistance. The powdery mildew pathogen of grasses Blumeria graminis causes one of the most important diseases of cereal crops. B. graminis is an obligate biotrophic pathogen and as such has an absolute requirement to suppress or avoid host immunity if it is to survive and cause disease.Here we characterise a superfamily predicted to be the full complement of Candidates for Secreted Effector Proteins (CSEPs) in the fungal barley powdery mildew parasite B. graminis f.sp. hordei. The 491 genes encoding these proteins constitute over 7% of this pathogen's annotated genes and most were grouped into 72 families of up to 59 members. They were predominantly expressed in the intracellular feeding structures called haustoria, and proteins specifically associated with the haustoria were identified by large-scale mass spectrometry-based proteomics. There are two major types of effector families: one comprises shorter proteins (100-150 amino acids), with a high relative expression level in the haustoria and evidence of extensive diversifying selection between paralogs; the second type consists of longer proteins (300-400 amino acids), with lower levels of differential expression and evidence of purifying selection between paralogs. An analysis of the predicted protein structures underscores their overall similarity to known fungal effectors, but also highlights unexpected structural affinities to ribonucleases throughout the entire effector super-family. Candidate effector genes belonging to the same family are loosely clustered in the genome and are associated with repetitive DNA derived from retro-transposons.We employed the full complement of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses as well as structural prediction methods to identify and characterize the members of the CSEPs superfamily in B. graminis f.sp. hordei. Based on relative intron position and the distribution of CSEPs with a ribonuclease-like domain in the phylogenetic tree we hypothesize that the associated genes originated from an ancestral gene, encoding a secreted ribonuclease, duplicated successively by repetitive DNA-driven processes and diversified during the evolution of the grass and cereal powdery mildew lineage.

Dataset Information

Gene coexpression network analysis combined with metabonomics reveals the resistance responses to powdery mildew in Tibetan hulless barley.

Publications

Gene coexpression network analysis combined with metabonomics reveals the resistance responses to powdery mildew in Tibetan hulless barley.

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