Dataset Information

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) masquerading as acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with complete resolution after immunosuppressive therapy: a case report.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome) is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by inflammation of small- and medium-sized blood vessels, which usually presents with systemic vasculitis preceded by airway allergic hypersensitivity.

Case summary

Here, we report a highly unusual case of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a young and fit man with no cardiovascular risk factors. His emergency coronary angiography revealed disproportionately severe widespread coronary artery disease. We describe the diagnostic challenges with emphasis on meticulous history-taking (deep hyponasal voice, anosmia, and childhood asthma), supported by timely blood markers (peripheral eosinophilia and raised CRP), and multi-modal imaging (severe paranasal sinusitis on cranial magnetic resonance imaging and multiple lung infiltrates with small patches of ground-glass appearance on thoracic computed tomography), to reach a diagnosis of EGPA coronary vasculitis with particular reference to the American College of Rheumatology EGPA classification. Importantly, with prompt immunosuppression, his coronary lesions resolved completely without the need of any surgical or percutaneous revascularisation. He remained well and asymptomatic on maintenance immunosuppressants at 1 year follow-up.

Discussion

This case highlighted the rare but recognized involvement of the coronary arteries in systemic EGPA vasculitis, which can sometimes mimic atherosclerotic coronary disease and acute coronary syndrome.

SUBMITTER: Chai JT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6177047 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) masquerading as acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with complete resolution after immunosuppressive therapy: a case report.

Chai Joshua T JT McGrath Sam S Lopez Begoña B Dworakowski Rafal R

European heart journal. Case reports 20180921 3

<h4>Background</h4>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome) is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by inflammation of small- and medium-sized blood vessels, which usually presents with systemic vasculitis preceded by airway allergic hypersensitivity.<h4>Case summary</h4>Here, we report a highly unusual case of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a young and fit man with no cardiovascular risk factors. His emergency coronary angi ...[more]

PMID: 31020153

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Project description:BackgroundEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an eosinophilic vasculitis. Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, reduces blood eosinophil counts and may have value in the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.MethodsIn this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned participants with relapsing or refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis who had received treatment for at least 4 weeks and were taking a stable prednisolone or prednisone dose to receive 300 mg of mepolizumab or placebo, administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks, plus standard care, for 52 weeks. The two primary end points were the accrued weeks of remission over a 52-week period, according to categorical quantification, and the proportion of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48. Secondary end points included the time to first relapse and the average daily glucocorticoid dose (during weeks 48 through 52). The annualized relapse rate and safety were assessed.ResultsA total of 136 participants underwent randomization, with 68 participants assigned to receive mepolizumab and 68 to receive placebo. Mepolizumab treatment led to significantly more accrued weeks of remission than placebo (28% vs. 3% of the participants had ≥24 weeks of accrued remission; odds ratio, 5.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68 to 13.03; P<0.001) and a higher percentage of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48 (32% vs. 3%; odds ratio, 16.74; 95% CI, 3.61 to 77.56; P<0.001). Remission did not occur in 47% of the participants in the mepolizumab group versus 81% of those in the placebo group. The annualized relapse rate was 1.14 in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 2.27 in the placebo group (rate ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.70; P<0.001). A total of 44% of the participants in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 7% of those in the placebo group, had an average daily dose of prednisolone or prednisone of 4.0 mg or less per day during weeks 48 through 52 (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.41; P<0.001). The safety profile of mepolizumab was similar to that observed in previous studies.ConclusionsIn participants with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, mepolizumab resulted in significantly more weeks in remission and a higher proportion of participants in remission than did placebo, thus allowing for reduced glucocorticoid use. Even so, only approximately half the participants treated with mepolizumab had protocol-defined remission. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02020889 .).

Dataset Information

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) masquerading as acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with complete resolution after immunosuppressive therapy: a case report.

Background

Case summary

Discussion

Publications

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) masquerading as acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with complete resolution after immunosuppressive therapy: a case report.

Similar Datasets

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