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Canadian status of "drugs to avoid" in 2017: a descriptive analysis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The independent French drug bulletin, La revue Prescrire (henceforth Prescrire), annually releases a list of drugs to avoid. The aim of this analysis was to review the status of the 2017 list of drugs in Canada to determine whether they had been approved for marketing, their therapeutic status and whether they have been recommended for listing on public drug plans. METHODS:This descriptive analysis reviewed a list of drugs compiled by Prescrire. The status of each drug in Canada was assessed through the Drug Product Database. Therapeutic ratings were obtained from the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) and the formulary listing recommendation came from the Common Drug Review (CDR) or the pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review (pCODR). For drugs without a formulary recommendation the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) Formulary was searched to see if the product was listed. RESULTS:Prescrire recommended not using 92 drugs. The PMPRB evaluated 36 of these drugs; 2 were classed as substantial improvements or breakthroughs, 3 as moderate improvements and 31 as little or no therapeutic improvement. Nine of the remaining drugs that were approved in Canada were not assessed because they were approved before 1988 (the year the PMPRB was established), 4 were approved from December 2015 onward and had not yet been reviewed by the PMPRB, and for 1 the approval date was unknown. Twenty-six of the drugs were evaluated by CDR or pCODR, of which 13 were recommended for formulary listing. Sixteen additional drugs that were not evaluated were on the ODB Formulary. INTERPRETATION:Many drugs that Prescrire recommended avoiding were available in Canada. The results also highlight the diversity of the conclusions that different expert panels have reached.

SUBMITTER: Lexchin J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6182123 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul-Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Canadian status of "drugs to avoid" in 2017: a descriptive analysis.

Lexchin Joel J

CMAJ open 20180701 3

<h4>Background</h4>The independent French drug bulletin, <i>La revue Prescrire</i> (henceforth <i>Prescrire</i>), annually releases a list of drugs to avoid. The aim of this analysis was to review the status of the 2017 list of drugs in Canada to determine whether they had been approved for marketing, their therapeutic status and whether they have been recommended for listing on public drug plans.<h4>Methods</h4>This descriptive analysis reviewed a list of drugs compiled by <i>Prescrire</i>. The ...[more]

PMID: 30266781

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Patients routinely cite the media, after physicians and pharmacists, as a key source of information on new drugs, but there has been little research on the quality of drug information presented. We assessed newspaper descriptions of drug benefits and harms, the nature of the effects described and the presence or absence of other important information that can add context and balance to a report about a new drug. METHODS: We looked at newspaper coverage in the year 2000 of 5 prescription drugs launched in Canada between 1996 and 2001 that received a high degree of media attention: atorvastatin, celecoxib, donepezil, oseltamivir and raloxifene. We searched 24 of Canada's largest daily newspapers for articles reporting at least one benefit or harm of any of these 5 drugs. We recorded the benefits and harms reported and analyzed how such information was presented; we also determined whether clinical or surrogate outcomes were mentioned; if and how drug effects were quantified; whether contraindications, other treatment options and costs were mentioned; and whether any information on affiliations of quoted interviewees and potential conflicts of interest was presented. RESULTS: Our search yielded 193 articles reporting at least one benefit or harm for 1 of the 5 drugs. All of the articles mentioned at least one benefit, but 68% (132/193) made no mention of possible side effects or harms. Only 24% (120/510) of mentions of drug benefits and harms presented quantitative information. In 26% (31/120) of cases in which drug benefits and harms were quantified, the magnitude was presented only in relative terms, which can be misleading. Overall, 62% (119/193) of the articles gave no quantification of the benefits or harms. Thirty-seven (19%) of the 193 articles reported only surrogate benefits. Other information needed for informed drug-related decisions was often lacking: only 7 (4%) of the articles mentioned contraindications, 61 (32%) mentioned drug costs, 89 (46%) mentioned drug alternatives, and 30 (16%) mentioned nondrug treatment options (such as exercise or diet). Sixty-two percent (120/193) of the articles quoted at least one interviewee. After exclusion of industry and government spokespeople, for only 3% (5/164) of interviewees was there any mention of potential financial conflicts of interest. Twenty-six percent (15/57) of the articles discussing a study included information on study funding. INTERPRETATION: Our results raise concerns about the completeness and quality of media reporting about new medications.

Project description:Introduction: Community-based services are a critical component of high-quality primary healthcare. Ghana formally launched the National Community Health Worker (CHW) program in 2014, to augment the pre-existing Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS). To date, however, there is scant data about the program's implementation. We describe the current supervision and service delivery status of CHWs throughout the country. Methods: Data were collected regarding CHW supervision and service delivery during the 2017 round of the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 survey. Descriptive analyses were performed by facility type, supervisor type, service delivery type, and regional distribution. Results: Over 80% of CHWs had at least monthly supervision interactions, but there was variability in the frequency of interactions. Frequency of supervision interactions did not vary by facility or supervisor type. The types of services delivered by CHWs varied greatly by facility type and region. Community mobilization, health education, and outreach for loss-to-follow-up were delivered by over three quarters of CHWs, while mental health counseling and postnatal care are provided by fewer than one third of CHWs. The Western region and Greater Accra had especially low rates of CHW service provision. Non-communicable disease treatment, which is not included in the national guidelines, was reportedly provided by some CHWs in nine out of ten regions. Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrates variability in supervision frequency and CHW activities. A high proportion of CHWs already meet the expected frequency of supervision. Meanwhile, there are substantial differences by region of CHW service provision, which requires further research, particularly on novel CHW services such as non-communicable disease treatment. While there are important limitations to these data, these findings can be instructive for Ghanaian policymakers and implementers to target improvement initiatives for community-based services.

Project description:BackgroundNatural-focal diseases are serious diseases that endanger human health. They threaten about 100 million people in Shandong Province, and cause illness in thousands of people each year. However, information on the epidemiological characteristics of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province has been limited. The purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province, 2009-2017.MethodsWe describe the incidence and distribution of four natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province using surveillance data from 2009-2017.ResultsFrom 2009-2017, 11123 cases of four natural-focal diseases including 257 deaths were reported in Shandong Province, China. The four natural-focal diseases were severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), typhus, and scrub typhus. The high-risk groups of the four diseases were farmers and the elderly. The incidence rate of scrub typhus was significantly higher in females. However, this difference was not seen in the other three diseases. The four diseases were mainly clustered in the middle-southern part of Shandong Province and the Shandong Peninsula. The annual incidence of SFTS and scrub typhus increased, typhus was relatively stable, and HGA declined. However, the range of SFTS expanded, while HGA shrunk, and typhus and scrub typhus were unchanged. The epidemic period of SFTS and HGA was from May to October, typhus was from October to November, and scrub typhus was from September to November. The fatality rates of SFTS, typhus, scrub typhus, and HGA were 9.19%, 0%, 0.01%, and 2.24%, respectively.ConclusionsOur study described and analyzed the prevalence of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province, and confirmed that age was closely related to the SFTS fatality rate. This study may help to improve the understanding of the prevalence of natural-focal diseases in Shandong Province in recent years and to better develop accurate prevention and control strategies for natural-focal diseases.

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Canadian status of "drugs to avoid" in 2017: a descriptive analysis.

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Canadian status of "drugs to avoid" in 2017: a descriptive analysis.

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