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The effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation on immune responses to 2 days of intensified training.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Periods of intensified training are associated with immune disturbances, The aim was to investigate the effects of supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorella) on secretory IgA (sIgA) responses to 2 days intensified training.

Methods

Twenty-six subjects (age 29.1 ± 8.7 years; VO_2max 53.7 ± 11.7 ml kg min^-1) provided resting saliva samples for determination of sIgA, at baseline (week-0) and following 4, 5, and 6 weeks (weeks-4, -5, -6) of daily supplementation with 6 g/day Chlorella (n = 13) or placebo (PLA, n = 13). During week-4 a 2-day intensified training period was undertaken [morning and afternoon sessions each day, respectively: VO_2max test; high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 3 × 30 s Wingate sprints); 90 min at ~60% VO_2max; 3 × 30 s HIIT].

Results

Chlorella increased resting sIgA secretion rate (trial × time, P = 0.016: no change with PLA but increases with Chlorella at week-4, week-5 and week-6, P = 0.020, <0.001, and 0.016). PLA vs Chlorella: week-0 = 54 ± 33 vs 57 ± 37 µg/min; week-4 = 54 ± 35 vs 83 ± 57 µg/min; week-5 = 63 ± 46 vs 98 ± 47 µg/min; week-6 = 58 ± 35 vs 85 ± 59 µg/min. Minimal acute changes in sIgA were seen in response to individual exercise bouts, but it was higher at some times in the Chlorella group (for bouts 2 and 3).

Conclusion

Supplementation with Chlorella has beneficial effects on resting sIgA, which might be beneficial during periods of intensified training.

SUBMITTER: Chidley C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6182698 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation on immune responses to 2 days of intensified training.

Chidley Corinna C Davison Glen G

European journal of nutrition 20170819 7

<h4>Purpose</h4>Periods of intensified training are associated with immune disturbances, The aim was to investigate the effects of supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorella) on secretory IgA (sIgA) responses to 2 days intensified training.<h4>Methods</h4>Twenty-six subjects (age 29.1 ± 8.7 years; VO<sub>2max</sub> 53.7 ± 11.7 ml kg min<sup>-1</sup>) provided resting saliva samples for determination of sIgA, at baseline (week-0) and following 4, 5, and 6 weeks (weeks-4, -5, -6) of dai ...[more]

PMID: 28825174

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Project description:The demand for phenolic compounds has been increasing rapidly, which has intensified the production and usage of phenol at a commercial scale. In some polluted water bodies, phenol has become one of the typical aromatic contaminants. Such water bodies are inescapably influenced by nutrients from human activities, and also suffer from nuisance cyanobacterial blooms. While phenolic pollution threatens water safety and ecological balance, algal cells are ubiquitous and sensitive to pollutants. Therefore, effects of phenolic pollution on interspecific competition between a bloom-forming cyanobacterium and other common alga merit quantitative investigation. In this study, the effects of phenol on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa, a bloom-forming cyanobacterium) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa, a ubiquitous green alga) were analyzed in mono- and co-cultures. The two species were exposed to a series of phenol treatments (0, 2, 20, and 200 μg mL-1). Population dynamics were measured by a flow cytometer and analyzed by the Lotka-Volterra model. The results showed that M. aeruginosa was more sensitive to phenol (EC50 = 80.8 ± 0.16 μg mL-1) compared to C. pyrenoidosa (EC50 = 631.4 ± 0.41 μg mL-1) in mono-cultures. M. aeruginosa won in the co-cultures when phenol was below or equal to 20 μg mL-1, while C. pyrenoidosa became the dominant species in the 200 μg mL-1 treatment. Photosynthetic activity was measured by a fluometer. Results showed phenol significantly impacted the photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa by inhibiting the acceptor side of its photosystem II (PSII), while such inhibition in C. pyrenoidosa was only observed in the highest phenol treatment (200 μg mL-1). This study provides a better understanding for predicting the succession of algal community structure in water bodies susceptible to phenolic contamination. Moreover, it reveals the mechanism on photosynthetic responses of these two species under phenolic stress.

Dataset Information

The effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation on immune responses to 2 days of intensified training.

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

The effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation on immune responses to 2 days of intensified training.

Similar Datasets

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