Dataset Information

Characteristic "Forcible" Geste Antagoniste in Oromandibular Dystonia Resulting From Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration.

ABSTRACT: Geste antagonistes are usually considered typical of primary dystonia, although rarely they have been described in secondary/heredodegenerative dystonias. We have recently come across a particular geste antagoniste in 5 of 10 patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) who had prominent oromandibular involvement with severe jaw-opening dystonia. It consists of touching the chin with both hands characteristically clenched into a fist with flexion at the elbows. Because of the resemblance of this geste antagoniste with the praying-like posture of Mantis religiosa, we coined the term "mantis sign." Reviewing videos of PKAN cases in literature, including what is considered the first cinematic depiction of a case of this disorder, 3 additional cases with akin maneuvers were identified. In contrast, examining 205 videos of non-PKAN dystonic patients from our database for the presence of a similar maneuver was unrevealing. Thus, we consider the mantis sign to be quite typical of PKAN and propose it to be added as a clinical hint toward diagnosis.

SUBMITTER: Petrovic IN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6183307 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characteristic "Forcible" Geste Antagoniste in Oromandibular Dystonia Resulting From Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration.

Petrović Igor N IN Kresojević Nikola N Ganos Christos C Svetel Marina M Dragašević Nataša N Bhatia Kailash P KP Kostić Vladimir S VS

Movement disorders clinical practice 20140516 2

Geste antagonistes are usually considered typical of primary dystonia, although rarely they have been described in secondary/heredodegenerative dystonias. We have recently come across a particular geste antagoniste in 5 of 10 patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) who had prominent oromandibular involvement with severe jaw-opening dystonia. It consists of touching the chin with both hands characteristically clenched into a fist with flexion at the elbows. Because o ...[more]

PMID: 30363940

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Project description:Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a broad term that describes a heterogeneous group of progressive and invalidating neurologic disorders in which iron deposits in certain brain areas, mainly the basal ganglia. The predominant clinical symptoms include spasticity, progressive dystonia, Parkinson's disease-like symptoms, neuropsychiatric alterations, and retinal degeneration. Among the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders, the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) caused by defects in the gene encoding the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) which catalyzed the first reaction of the coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway. Currently there is no effective treatment to prevent the inexorable course of these disorders. The aim of this review is to open up a discussion on the utility of using cellular models derived from patients as a valuable tool for the development of precision medicine in PKAN. Recently, we have described that dermal fibroblasts obtained from PKAN patients can manifest the main pathological changes of the disease such as intracellular iron accumulation accompanied by large amounts of lipofuscin granules, mitochondrial dysfunction and a pronounced increase of markers of oxidative stress. In addition, PKAN fibroblasts showed a morphological senescence-like phenotype. Interestingly, pantothenate supplementation, the substrate of the PANK2 enzyme, corrected all pathophysiological alterations in responder PKAN fibroblasts with low/residual PANK2 enzyme expression. However, pantothenate treatment had no favourable effect on PKAN fibroblasts harbouring mutations associated with the expression of a truncated/incomplete protein. The correction of pathological alterations by pantothenate in individual mutations was also verified in induced neurons obtained by direct reprograming of PKAN fibroblasts. Our observations indicate that pantothenate supplementation can increase/stabilize the expression levels of PANK2 in specific mutations. Fibroblasts and induced neurons derived from patients can provide a useful tool for recognizing PKAN patients who can respond to pantothenate treatment. The presence of low but significant PANK2 expression which can be increased in particular mutations gives valuable information which can support the treatment with high dose of pantothenate. The evaluation of personalized treatments in vitro of fibroblasts and neuronal cells derived from PKAN patients with a wide range of pharmacological options currently available, and monitoring its effect on the pathophysiological changes, can help for a better therapeutic strategy. In addition, these cell models will be also useful for testing the efficacy of new therapeutic options developed in the future.

Project description:BackgroundPantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) currently has no approved treatments.ObjectivesThe Fosmetpantotenate Replacement Therapy pivotal trial examined whether treatment with fosmetpantotenate improves PKAN symptoms and stabilizes disease progression.MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluated fosmetpantotenate, 300 mg oral dose three times daily, versus placebo over a 24-week double-blind period. Patients with pathogenic variants of PANK2, aged 6 to 65 years, with a score ≥6 on the PKAN-Activities of Daily Living (PKAN-ADL) scale were enrolled. Patients were randomized to active (fosmetpantotenate) or placebo treatment, stratified by weight and age. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline at week 24 in PKAN-ADL.ResultsBetween July 23, 2017, and December 18, 2018, 84 patients were randomized (fosmetpantotenate: n = 41; placebo: n = 43); all 84 patients were included in the analyses. Six patients in the placebo group discontinued treatment; two had worsening dystonia, two had poor compliance, and two died of PKAN-related complications (aspiration during feeding and disease progression with respiratory failure, respectively). Fosmetpantotenate and placebo group PKAN-ADL mean (standard deviation) scores were 28.2 (11.4) and 27.4 (11.5) at baseline, respectively, and were 26.9 (12.5) and 24.5 (11.8) at week 24, respectively. The difference in least square mean (95% confidence interval) at week 24 between fosmetpantotenate and placebo was -0.09 (-1.69 to 1.51; P = 0.9115). The overall incidence of treatment-emergent serious adverse events was similar in the fosmetpantotenate (8/41; 19.5%) and placebo (6/43; 14.0%) groups.ConclusionsTreatment with fosmetpantotenate was safe but did not improve function assessed by the PKAN-ADL in patients with PKAN. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Dataset Information

Characteristic "Forcible" Geste Antagoniste in Oromandibular Dystonia Resulting From Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration.

Publications

Characteristic "Forcible" Geste Antagoniste in Oromandibular Dystonia Resulting From Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration.

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