Dataset Information

Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Performance Among Urban Adults.

ABSTRACT: Objectives/Background: Systemic inflammation can affect cognitive performance over time. The current study examined associations between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance among African Americans and Whites urban adults, stratifying by sex, and age group and by race. Patients/Methods: Among 1,555-1,719 White and African-American urban adults [Agebase: 30-64y, 2004-2013, mean±SD follow-up time(y): 4.64 ± 0.93y], conducted linear mixed-effects regression models were conducted to test associations of inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), albumin, iron, and an inflammation composite score (ICS)] with longitudinal cognitive performance. Results: Among key findings, CRP was linked to poorer baseline mental status among younger women (?50y, ?01 = -0.03 ± 0.01, p = 0.002) and poorer attention in older women (>50y, ?01 = -0.024 ± 0.007, p < 0.004) and African-Americans (?01 = -0.029 ± 0.008, p < 0.001). ESR was related to faster decline on verbal memory among older men (>50y, ?11 = -0.008 ± 0.003, P = 0.009); with poorer performance on attention tests overall (?01 = -0.010 ± 0.003, P = 0.003) and among African-Americans (?01 = -0.013 ± 0.004, P = 0.002); on verbal fluency among older women (>50y,?01 = -0.037 ± 0.013, P = 0.004) and on executive function: overall (?01 = +0.62 ± 0.21, P = 0.004), older men (>50y, ?01 = +1.69 ± 0.53, P = 0.001) and African-Americans (?01 = +0.84 ± 0.28, P = 0.002). Albumin was linked to slower attention decline among older men (>50y, ?11 = +0.329 ± 0.103, P = 0.009), over-time improvement in executive function overall (?11 = -6.00 ± 2.26, P = 0.008), and better baseline psychomotor speed among African-Americans (?01 = +0.56 ± 0.19, P = 0.003). Finally, ICS predicted faster decline on visual memory/visuo-constructive abilities among older men (>50y, ?11 = +0.17 ± 0.06, p = 0.003). Conclusion: In sum, strong associations between systemic inflammation and longitudinal cognitive performance were detected, largely among older individuals (>50y) and African-Americans. Randomized trials targeting inflammation are warranted.

SUBMITTER: Beydoun MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6189312 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Performance Among Urban Adults.

Beydoun May A MA Dore Gregory A GA Canas Jose-Atilio JA Liang Hailun H Beydoun Hind A HA Evans Michele K MK Zonderman Alan B AB

Frontiers in aging neuroscience 20181009

Objectives/Background: Systemic inflammation can affect cognitive performance over time. The current study examined associations between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance among African Americans and Whites urban adults, stratifying by sex, and age group and by race. Patients/Methods: Among 1,555-1,719 White and African-American urban adults [Agebase: 30-64y, 2004-2013, mean±SD follow-up time(y): 4.64 ± 0.93y], conducted linear mixed-effects regression model ...[more]

PMID: 30356710

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Chronic systemic inflammation has been positively associated with structural and functional brain changes representing early markers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and cognitive decline. The current study examined associations between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance among African-Americans and Whites urban adults. METHODS:Participants were selected from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (2004-2013, baseline age: 30-64?y, mean?±?SD follow-up time of 4.64?±?0.93?y, N?=?189-222, k?=?1.5-1.7 observations/participant). Cytokines known to be positively linked to AD incidence among others were tested against cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive function, stratifying by age group (?50?y vs. >50?y), sex and race. A series of mixed-effects regression models were conducted, adjusting for key confounders. RESULTS:Among key findings, IL1? was positively associated with a faster rate of decline on a test of executive functioning, among older adults (age >50?y, ?11?=?+2.49?±?0.89, p?=?0.005), while in the total population, IL-6 was linked to a faster decline on a test of verbal memory (?11?=?-0.011?±?0.004, p?=?0.009). Among younger participants, IL-18 was linked to a poorer performance on a test of attention at baseline (age ?50?y, ?01?=?-0.007?±?0.0025, p?=?0.004) though a slower rate of decline with higher IL-18 was detected for a test of psychomotor speed in older adults (age >50?y, ?11?=?+0.0010?±?0.0004, p?=?0.008). Finally, among Whites, unlike among African-Americans, IL-6 was associated with a better baseline performance on two tests of verbal and working memory. CONCLUSIONS:Cytokines were shown to be associated with age-related cognitive decline among middle-aged and older urban adults in an age group and race-specific manner. Further longitudinal studies are needed to replicate our findings and mediation through relevant biological and psychosocial factors need to be studied as well.

Project description:Serum GDF15 levels are correlated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies have tested this marker's association with middle-aged cognitive performance over time, and whether race affects this association is unknown. We examined associations of initial serum GDF15 concentrations with longitudinal cognitive performance, spanning domains of global mental status, visual and verbal memory, attention, fluency, and executive function in a sub-sample of adults participating in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (n = 776, Agev1:30-66y, 45.6 % male, 57.0 % African American, 43.0 % below poverty). This analysis consisted of mixed-effects regression models applied to the total selected sample, while also stratifying the analyses by race in the main analyses and further stratifying by sex, age group and poverty status in an exploratory analysis. Our main findings, which passed multiple testing and covariate-adjustment, indicated that GDF15 was associated with poorer baseline performance on several cognitive tests, including animal fluency [overall sample: (Model 1: γ0 ± SE: -0.664 ± 0.208, P < 0.001; Model 2, γ0 ± SE: -0.498 ± 0.217, P < 0.05)]. Among White adults, GDF15 was linked to poorer performance on a brief test of attention (Model 1: γ0 ± SE: -0.426 ± 0.126, P < 0.001; Model 2, γ0 ± SE: -0.281 ± 0.139, P < 0.05); and Trailmaking test, part B (Model 1: γ0 ± SE: +0.129 ± 0.040, P < 0.001; Model 2, γ0 ± SE: +0.089 ± 0.041, P < 0.05), the latter being also linked to higher GDF15 among individuals living below poverty. Among women, GDF15 was associated with poor global mental status (Normalized MMSE: Model 1: γ0 ± SE: -2.617 ± 0.746, P < 0.001; Model 2: γ0 ± SE: -1.729 ± 0.709, P < 0.05). GDF15 was not associated with decline on any of the 11 cognitive test scores considered in ∼ 4 years of follow-up. In sum, we detected cross-sectional associations between GDF15 and cognition, although GDF15 did not predict rate of change in cognitive performance over time among a sample of middle-aged adults. More longitudinal studies are needed to address the clinical utility of this biomarker for early cognitive defects.

Project description:BackgroundEpidemiological evidence suggests that both anemia and elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) are associated with cognitive impairment. However, the interplay between these 2 predictors has been understudied.ObjectivesWe examined sex- and anemia-specific associations between RDW and cognitive performance among urban adults in the United States.MethodsData from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span Study (Baltimore, MD; participants aged 30-65 y at baseline, ?59% African-American, 45% men) were used. Participants were selected based on the completion of 11 cognitive tasks at baseline (2004-2009) and follow-up (2009-2013) visits (mean time between visits: 4.64 ± 0.93 y) and availability of exposure and covariate data, yielding a sample of between 1526 and 1646 adults out of the initial 3720 adults recruited at baseline. Multiple linear mixed-effects regression models were conducted with RDW as the main exposure of interest and anemia/sex as the key effect modifiers.ResultsOverall, high RDWs were linked to poorer baseline performance on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) List A (per 1 unit increase in RDW %, main effect: ?01 = -0.369 ± 0.114; P = 0.001) and to slower rates of decline on the CVLT Delayed Free Recall (per 1 unit increase in RDW %, RDW × time: ?11 = +0.036 ± 0.013; P = 0.007). Among nonanemic participants, RDWs were consistently associated with poorer baseline performance on the Trailmaking Test, Part A (?01 = +3.11 ± 0.89; P < 0.001) and on the CVLT List A (?01 = -0.560 ± 0.158; P < 0.001). Moreover, RDWs were associated with poorer baseline performance on the Brief Test of Attention in the total population (?01 = -0.123 ± 0.039; P = 0.001) and among men (?01 = -0.221 ± 0.068; P = 0.001). We did not detect an association between hemoglobin (Hb) and baseline cognitive performance or changes over time.ConclusionsElevated RDW had a consistent cross-sectional association with poor cognitive performance in the domains of verbal memory and attention among the nonanemic group in a sample of middle-aged, urban adults. Anemia and Hb concentrations were not associated with cognition. More longitudinal studies are needed to replicate our findings.

Project description:Background: The link between longitudinal cognitive change and polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and MEGALIN [or LDL receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2)] genes remains unclear, particularly among African-American (AA) adults.Objectives: We aimed to evaluate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for VDR [rs11568820 (Cdx-2:T/C), rs1544410 (BsmI:G/A), rs7975232 (ApaI:A/C), rs731236 (TaqI:G/A)] and LRP2 [rs3755166:G/A,rs2075252:C/T, rs2228171:C/T] genes with longitudinal cognitive performance change in various domains of cognition.Methods: Data from 1024 AA urban adult participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (Baltimore, Maryland) with complete genetic data were used, of whom 660-797 had complete data on 9 cognitive test scores at baseline and/or the first follow-up examination and complete covariate data (?52% female; mean age: ?52 y; mean years of education: 12.6 y). Time between examination visits 1 (2004-2009) and 2 (2009-2013) ranged from <1 y to ?8 y, with a mean ± SD of 4.64 ± 0.93 y. Latent class and haplotype analyses were conducted by creating gene polymorphism groups that were related to longitudinal annual rate of cognitive change predicted from mixed-effects regression models.Results: Among key findings, the rs3755166:G/A MEGALIN SNP was associated with faster decline on the Mini-Mental State Examination overall (? = -0.002, P = 0.018) and among women. VDR2 (BsmI/ApaI/TaqI: G-/A-/A-) SNP latent class [SNPLC; compared with VDR1 (ApaI: "AA")] was linked to faster decline on the Verbal Fluency Test, Categorical, in women, among whom the MEGALIN2 (rs2228171: "TT") SNPLC (compared with MEGALIN1:rs2228171: "CC") was also associated with a faster decline on the Trailmaking Test, Part B (Trails B), but with a slower decline on the Digit Span Backward (DS-B). Moreover, among men, the VDR1 SNP haplotype (SNPHAP; GCA:baT) was associated with a slower decline on the Trails B, whereas the MEGALIN1 SNPHAP (GCC) was associated with a faster decline on the DS-B, reflected as a faster decline on cognitive domain 2 ("visual/working memory").Conclusion:VDR and MEGALIN gene variations can alter age-related cognitive trajectories differentially between men and women among AA urban adults, specifically in global mental status and domains of verbal fluency, visual/working memory, and executive function.

Project description:Recent evidence indicates that thyroid hormones may be closely linked to cognition among adults. We investigated associations between thyroid hormones and longitudinal cognitive change, within and outside of reference ranges, stratifying by sex and race. This longitudinal study used data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Lifespan study, set in Baltimore City, MD, 2004-2013, on adults aged 30-64 years at baseline visit, with a length of follow-up between visits 1 and 2 ranging from <1 to 8 years; mean ± standard deviation: 4.64 ± 0.93. The final analytic sample sizes ranged from 1486 to 1602 participants with 1.6-1.7 visits per participant (total visits: 2496-2757), depending on the cognitive test. Eleven cognitive test scores spanning domains of learning or memory, language or verbal, attention, visuospatial and/or visuoconstruction, psychomotor speed, executive function, and mental status were used. Mixed-effects regression models were conducted, interacting time of follow-up with several thyroid exposures. Whites performed better than African Americans, with only 4 cognitive test scores of 11 declining significantly over time. Importantly, above reference range thyroid stimulating hormone (vs. reference range, thyroid stimulating hormone, above reference range [TSHarr]) was linked to faster rates of decline on the digits span backwards test, reflecting working memory (TSHarr × time ? ± standard error: -0.14 ± 0.05, p = 0.006) and clock-command, at test of visuospatial and/or visuoconstruction abilities (TSHarr × Time ? ± standard error: -0.10 ± 0.04, p = 0.004). The latter finding was replicated when comparing normal thyroid function to "subclinical hypothyroidism". Within-reference ranges, a higher thyroid stimulating hormone was related to faster decline on the clock-command test scores in women. In sum, higher baseline thyroid stimulating hormone was associated with faster cognitive decline over-time among urban US adults, specifically in domains of working memory and visuospatial and/or visuoconstruction abilities.

Dataset Information

Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Performance Among Urban Adults.

Publications

Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Performance Among Urban Adults.

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