Dataset Information

Antiplatelet agents maintain arteriovenous fistula and graft function in patients receiving hemodialysis: A nationwide case-control study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In this study, we evaluated the effects of various medications on the patency of vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan. We adopted a case-control study design within a cohort of patients who had received regular hemodialysis between 2002 and 2012; 34,354 patients with first VA failure were identified, and the duration from VA creation date to the first VA failure date was calculated. We then classified these patients into two groups, namely arteriovenous fistula (AVF, n = 25,933) and arteriovenous graft (AVG, n = 8,421). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, namely short-term (<1 year) and long-term (?1 year) patency.

Results

The risk factors for early VA failure were age ?65 years, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cerebral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and sepsis. Male sex, hypertension, cancer, and peptic ulcer were associated with early AVF failure. Antiplatelet therapy increased the AVF and AVG patency times with adjusted odds ratios of 0.748 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.703-0.796, p < 0.0001) and 0.810 (95% CI: 0.728-0.901, p = 0.0001), respectively. A significant decrease in the VA failure risk was observed with an increase in the cumulative defined daily dose of antiplatelet agents.

Conclusion

This nationwide study demonstrated that some risk factors were associated with early VA failure and that the use of antiplatelet agents prevented the loss of VA patency in a dose-response manner. Thus, antiplatelet drugs should be routinely administered to high-risk patients receiving dialysis.

SUBMITTER: Hsu YH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6193726 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Antiplatelet agents maintain arteriovenous fistula and graft function in patients receiving hemodialysis: A nationwide case-control study.

Hsu Yung-Ho YH Yen Yu-Chun YC Lin Yi-Chun YC Sung Li-Chin LC

PloS one 20181018 10

<h4>Background</h4>In this study, we evaluated the effects of various medications on the patency of vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan. We adopted a case-control study design within a cohort of patients who had received regular hemodialysis between 2002 and 2012; 34,354 patients with first VA failure were identified, and the duration from VA creation date to the first VA failure date was calculated. We ...[more]

PMID: 30335833

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Project description:BackgroundIt is unclear whether surgical placement of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula (AVF) confers substantial clinical benefits over an AV graft (AVG) in older adults with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We report vascular access outcomes of a pilot clinical trial.Study designPilot randomized parallel-group open-label trial.Setting & participantsPatients 65 years and older with ESKD and no prior AV access receiving maintenance hemodialysis through a tunneled central venous catheter referred for AV access placement by their treating nephrologist.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to surgical placement of an AVG or AVF.OutcomesIndex AV access primary failure, successful cannulation, adjuvant interventions and infections.ResultsOf 122 older adults receiving hemodialysis and no prior AV access surgery, 24% died before (n = 18) or were too sick for (n = 11) referral for a permanent AV access. Of 46 eligible patients, 36 (78%) consented and were randomly assigned to AVG (n = 18) and AVF (n = 18) placement, of whom 13 (72%) and 16 (89%) underwent index AV access surgical placement, respectively. At a median follow-up of 321.0 days, primary AV access failure was noted in 31% in each group. The proportion of patients with successful cannulation was 62% (8 of 13) in the AVG and 50% (8 of 16) in the AVF group; median times to successful cannulation were 75.0 and 113.5 days, respectively. Endovascular procedures were recorded in 38% and 44%, and surgical reinterventions, in 23% and 25%, respectively. AV access infection was seen in 3 (23%) and 2 (13%) patients, respectively.LimitationsSmall sample size precludes statistical inference.ConclusionsAlmost one-quarter of older adults with incident ESKD and a central venous catheter as primary access were not referred for AV access placement due to medical reasons. Based on these limited results, there is little reason to favor either an AVF or AVG in this population until results from a larger randomized clinical trial become available.FundingGovernment funding to an author (Dr Murea is supported by National Institutes of Health∖National Institute on Aging grant 1R03 AG060178-01).Trial registrationNCT03545113.

Project description:ImportanceInitial hemodialysis access with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is associated with superior clinical outcomes compared with arteriovenous graft (AVG) and should be the procedure of choice whenever possible. To address the national underuse of AVF in the United States, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid has established an AVF goal of 66% or greater in 2009.ObjectiveTo explore contemporary practice patterns and physician characteristics associated with high AVG use compared with AVF use.Design, setting, and participantsThis review of 100% Medicare Carrier claims between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, includes both inpatient and outpatient Medicare claims data. All patients undergoing initial permanent hemodialysis access placement with an AVF or AVG were included. All surgeons performing more than 10 hemodialysis access procedures during the study period were analyzed.ExposuresPlacement of an AVF or AVG for initial permanent hemodialysis access.Main outcomes and measuresA surgeon-level AVG (vs AVF) use rate was calculated for all included surgeons. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to identify patient-level and surgeon-level factors associated with AVG use.ResultsA total of 85 320 patients (median age, 70 [range, 18-103] years; 47 370 men [55.5%]) underwent first-time hemodialysis access placement, of whom 66 489 (77.9%) had an AVF and 18 831 (22.1%) had an AVG. Among the 2397 surgeons who performed more than 10 procedures per year, the median surgeon level AVG use rate was 18.2% (range, 0.0%-96.4%). However, 498 surgeons (20.8%) had an AVG use rate greater than 34%. After accounting for patient characteristics, surgeon factors that were independently associated with AVG use included more than 30 years of clinical practice (vs 21-30 years; odds ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.96]), metropolitan setting (odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.02-1.54]), and vascular surgery specialty (vs general surgery; odds ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.69-0.86]). Surgeons in the Northeast region had the lowest rate of AVG use (vs the South; odds ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.73-0.96]). First-time hemodialysis access benchmarking reports for individual surgeons were created for potential distribution.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, one-fifth of surgeons had an AVG use rate above the recommended best practices guideline of 34%. Although some of these differences may be explained by patient referral practices, sharing benchmarked performance data with surgeons could be an actionable step in achieving more high-value care in hemodialysis access surgery.

Project description:Current guidelines suggest that arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is associated with survival advantage over arteriovenous graft (AVG). However, AVFs often require months to become functional, increasing tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) use, which can erode the benefit of an AVF. We sought to compare survival in patients with end-stage renal disease after creation of an AVF or AVG in patients starting hemodialysis (HD) with a TDC and to identify patient populations that may benefit from preferential use of AVG over AVF.Using U.S. Renal Data System databases, we identified incident HD patients in 2005 through 2008 and observed them through 2008. Initial access type and clinical variables including albumin levels were assessed using U.S. Renal Data System data collection forms. Attempts at AVF and AVG creation in patients who started HD through a TDC were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. We accounted for the effect of changes in access type by truncating follow-up when an additional AVF or AVG was performed. Survival curves were then constructed, and log-rank tests were used for pairwise survival comparisons, stratified by age. Multivariate analysis was performed with Cox proportional hazards regressions; variables were chosen using stepwise elimination. An interaction of access type and albumin level was detected, and Cox models using differing thresholds for albumin level were constructed. The primary outcome was survival.Among the 138,245 patients who started with a TDC and had complete records amenable for analysis, 22.8% underwent AVF creation (mean age ± standard deviation, 68.9 ± 12.5 years; 27.8% mortality at 1 year) and 7.6% underwent AVG placement (70.2 ± 12.0 years; 28.2% mortality) within 3 months of HD initiation; 69.6% remained with a TDC (63.2 ± 15.4 years; 33.8% mortality). In adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression, AVF creation is equivalent to AVG placement in terms of survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.02; P = .349). AVG placement is superior to continued TDC use (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.48-1.61; P < .001). In patients older than 80 years with albumin levels >4.0 g/dL, AVF creation is associated with higher mortality hazard compared with AVG creation (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.43; P = .013).For patients who start HD through a TDC, placement of an AVF and AVG is associated with similar mortality hazard. Further study is necessary to determine the ideal access for patients in whom the survival advantage of an AVF over an AVG is uncertain.

Dataset Information

Antiplatelet agents maintain arteriovenous fistula and graft function in patients receiving hemodialysis: A nationwide case-control study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Antiplatelet agents maintain arteriovenous fistula and graft function in patients receiving hemodialysis: A nationwide case-control study.

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