Dataset Information

Association between functional lactase variants and a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut of healthy Japanese people.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown that Japanese people exhibit a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium compared to people from other countries. Among the possible factors affecting the gut microbiota composition, an association of functional lactase gene variants with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut has been proposed in some reports. However, no Japanese subjects were included in these studies. In this study, we investigated the possible contribution of functional lactase loci to the high abundance of Bifidobacterium in Japanese populations. Based on a data analysis assessing 1,068 healthy Japanese adults, a number of subjects is at least seven times greater than that reported in available online data. all subjects possessed CC genotype at rs4988235 and the GG at rs182549, which are associated with low lactase activity. We observed a positive correlation between dairy product intake and Bifidobacterium abundance in the gut. Considering previous reports, which revealed that four additional functional lactase loci, rs145946881, rs41380347, rs41525747 and rs869051967 (ss820486563), are also associated with low lactase activity in Japanese people, our findings imply the possible contribution of host genetic variation-associated low lactase activity to the high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the Japanese population.

SUBMITTER: Kato K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6195297 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between functional lactase variants and a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut of healthy Japanese people.

Kato Kumiko K Ishida Sachiko S Tanaka Masami M Mitsuyama Eri E Xiao Jin-Zhong JZ Odamaki Toshitaka T

PloS one 20181019 10

Previous studies have shown that Japanese people exhibit a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium compared to people from other countries. Among the possible factors affecting the gut microbiota composition, an association of functional lactase gene variants with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut has been proposed in some reports. However, no Japanese subjects were included in these studies. In this study, we investigated the possible contribution of functional lactase loci to the hi ...[more]

PMID: 30339693

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Project description:Abstract Objectives Lactase persistence (LP) is a heritable trait in which lactose can be digested into adulthood. Lactase non-persisters (LNP) who consume lactose may experience microbial adaptations in response to the undigested lactose. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction between lactose consumption, LP genotype and gut microbiota in an observational cross-sectional study of healthy U.S. adults. Methods ASA24 dietary data and stool samples were collected from healthy U.S. adults genotyped for the lactase persistence SNP ID: rs4988235 (n = 280). Lactose was estimated by matching ASA24-reported foods to foods in the Nutrition Coordinating Center Food and Nutrient Database. The 16S rRNA V4/V5 region, amplified from bacterial DNA extracted from each frozen stool sample, was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq (300bp PE) and analyzed using Qiime 2 (v 2019.10). Bacterial sequence counts present at greater than 0.1% of the total data set were analyzed using DESeq2 and LEfSe. Taxa that were differentially abundant by both analyses at the family or genus level are reported here. Results On average 246 ng/uL (3.9 – 646.5ng/uL) DNA was obtained from each sample, yielding 21,470 sequences (10,122 – 56,837). LP genotypes were unevenly distributed by ethnicity and Clostridium (family Lachnospiraceae) was significantly enriched in Asian ethnicities. Therefore, only Caucasian and Hispanic participants were grouped as LP (AA or AG genotype) or LNP (GG genotype) for further analysis. The abundance of Roseburia and family Lachnospriaceae was higher in the upper (>12.4g), relative to lower (< 5.78g), tertile of lactose consumption in LNP adults, but not in LP. Conclusions Increased abundance of Roseburia, a microbe capable of utilizing lactose, in LNP individuals consuming >12.4 g lactose/day suggests that this genus may metabolize lactose in LNP adults. Funding Sources The California Dairy Research Foundation and the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.

Project description:One of the strongest associations between human genetics and the gut microbiome is a greater relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in adults with lactase gene (LCT) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with lactase nonpersistence (GG genotypes), versus lactase persistence (AA/AG genotypes). To gain a finer-grained phylogenetic resolution of this association, we interrogated 1,680 16S rRNA libraries and 245 metagenomes from gut microbiomes of adults with various lactase persistence genotypes. We further employed a novel genome-capture-based enrichment of Bifidobacterium DNA from a subset of these metagenomes, including monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs, each sampled 2 or 3 times. B. adolescentis and B. longum were the most abundant Bifidobacterium species regardless of host LCT genotype. LCT genotypes could not be discriminated based on relative abundances of Bifidobacterium species or Bifidobacterium community structure. Three distinct metagenomic analysis methods of Bifidobacterium-enriched DNA revealed intraindividual temporal stability of B. longum, B. adolescentis, and B. bifidum strains against the background of a changeable microbiome. Two of our three methods also observed greater strain sharing within MZ twin pairs than within unrelated individuals for B. adolescentis, while no method revealed an effect of host LCT genotype on Bifidobacterium strain composition. Our results support a "rising tide lifts all boats" model for the dominant bifidobacteria in the adult gut: their higher abundance in lactase-nonpersistent than in lactase-persistent individuals results from an expansion at the genus level. Bifidobacterium species are known to be transmitted from mother to child and stable within individuals in infancy and childhood: our results extend this stability into adulthood.IMPORTANCE When humans domesticated animals, some adapted genetically to digest milk into adulthood (lactase persistence). The gut microbiomes of people with lactase-persistent genotypes (AA or AG) differ from those with lactase-nonpersistent genotypes (GG) by containing fewer bacteria belonging to the bifidobacteria, a group which contains beneficial species. Here, we asked if the gut microbiomes of adults with GG and AA/AG genotypes differ in the species of bifidobacteria present. In particular, we used a novel technique which allowed us to compare bifidobacteria in adults at the strain level, without the traditional need for culturing. Our results show that the GG genotype enhances the abundance of bifidobacteria regardless of species. We also noted that a person's specific strains are recoverable several years later, and twins can share the same ones. Given that bifidobacteria are inherited from mother to child, strain stability over time in adulthood suggests long-term, multigenerational inheritance.

Dataset Information

Association between functional lactase variants and a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut of healthy Japanese people.

Publications

Association between functional lactase variants and a high abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut of healthy Japanese people.

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