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Optogenetics enables real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in an excitable cardiac system.

ABSTRACT: Propagation of non-linear waves is key to the functioning of diverse biological systems. Such waves can organize into spirals, rotating around a core, whose properties determine the overall wave dynamics. Theoretically, manipulation of a spiral wave core should lead to full spatiotemporal control over its dynamics. However, this theory lacks supportive evidence (even at a conceptual level), making it thus a long-standing hypothesis. Here, we propose a new phenomenological concept that involves artificially dragging spiral waves by their cores, to prove the aforementioned hypothesis in silico, with subsequent in vitro validation in optogenetically modified monolayers of rat atrial cardiomyocytes. We thereby connect previously established, but unrelated concepts of spiral wave attraction, anchoring and unpinning to demonstrate that core manipulation, through controlled displacement of heterogeneities in excitable media, allows forced movement of spiral waves along pre-defined trajectories. Consequently, we impose real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in a biological system.

SUBMITTER: Majumder R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6195347 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optogenetics enables real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in an excitable cardiac system.

Majumder Rupamanjari R Feola Iolanda I Teplenin Alexander S AS de Vries Antoine Af AA Panfilov Alexander V AV Pijnappels Daniel A DA

eLife 20180927

Propagation of non-linear waves is key to the functioning of diverse biological systems. Such waves can organize into spirals, rotating around a core, whose properties determine the overall wave dynamics. Theoretically, manipulation of a spiral wave core should lead to full spatiotemporal control over its dynamics. However, this theory lacks supportive evidence (even at a conceptual level), making it thus a long-standing hypothesis. Here, we propose a new phenomenological concept that involves a ...[more]

PMID: 30260316

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Project description:BackgroundReal-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment of ventricular volumes and function enables data acquisition during free-breathing. The requirement for high spatiotemporal resolution in children necessitates the use of highly accelerated imaging techniques.MethodsA novel real-time balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) spiral sequence reconstructed using Compressed Sensing (CS) was prospectively validated against the breath-hold clinical standard for assessment of ventricular volumes in 60 children with congenital heart disease. Qualitative image scoring, quantitative image quality, as well as evaluation of biventricular volumes was performed. Standard BH and real-time measures were compared using the paired t-test and agreement for volumetric measures were evaluated using Bland Altman analysis.ResultsAcquisition time for the entire short axis stack (~?13 slices) using the spiral real-time technique was ~?20 s, compared to ~?348 s for the standard breath hold technique. Qualitative scores reflected more residual aliasing artefact (p?<?0.001) and lower edge definition (p?<?0.001) in spiral real-time images than standard breath hold images, with lower quantitative edge sharpness and estimates of image contrast (p?<?0.001). There was a small but statistically significant (p?<?0.05) overestimation of left ventricular (LV) end-systolic volume (1.0?±?3.5 mL), and underestimation of LV end-diastolic volume (-?1.7?±?4.6 mL), LV stroke volume (-?2.6?±?4.8 mL) and LV ejection fraction (-?1.5?±?3.0%) using the real-time technique. We also observed a small underestimation of right ventricular stroke volume (-?1.8?±?4.9 mL) and ejection fraction (-?1.4?±?3.7%) using the real-time imaging technique. No difference in inter-observer or intra-observer variability were observed between the BH and real-time sequences.ConclusionsReal-time bSSFP imaging using spiral trajectories combined with a compressed sensing reconstruction showed good agreement for quantification of biventricular metrics in children with heart disease, despite slightly lower image quality. This technique holds the potential for free breathing data acquisition, with significantly shorter scan times in children.

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Optogenetics enables real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in an excitable cardiac system.

Publications

Optogenetics enables real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in an excitable cardiac system.

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