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Passive heat therapy improves cutaneous microvascular function in sedentary humans via improved nitric oxide-dependent dilation.

ABSTRACT: Passive heat therapy (repeated hot tub or sauna use) reduces cardiovascular risk, but its effects on the mechanisms underlying improvements in microvascular function have yet to be studied. We investigated the effects of heat therapy on microvascular function and whether improvements were related to changes in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability using cutaneous microdialysis. Eighteen young, sedentary, otherwise healthy subjects participated in 8 wk of heat therapy (hot water immersion to maintain rectal temperature ?38.5°C for 60 min/session; n = 9) or thermoneutral water immersion (sham, n = 9), and participated in experiments before and after the 8-wk intervention in which forearm cutaneous hyperemia to 39°C local heating was assessed at three microdialysis sites receiving 1) Lactated Ringer's (Control), 2) N(?)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; nonspecific NO synthase inhibitor), and 3) 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (Tempol), a superoxide dismutase mimetic. The arm used for microdialysis experiments remained out of the water at all times. Data are means ± SE cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = laser Doppler flux/mean arterial pressure), presented as percent maximal CVC (% CVCmax). Heat therapy increased local heating plateau from 42 ± 6 to 53 ± 6% CVCmax (P < 0.001) and increased NO-dependent dilation (difference in plateau between Control and l-NNA sites) from 26 ± 6 to 38 ± 4% CVCmax (P < 0.01), while no changes were observed in the sham group. When data were pooled across all subjects at 0 wk, Tempol had no effect on the local heating response (P = 0.53 vs. Control). There were no changes at the Tempol site across interventions (P = 0.58). Passive heat therapy improves cutaneous microvascular function by improving NO-dependent dilation, which may have clinical implications.

SUBMITTER: Brunt VE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6195670 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Passive heat therapy improves cutaneous microvascular function in sedentary humans via improved nitric oxide-dependent dilation.

Brunt Vienna E VE Eymann Taylor M TM Francisco Michael A MA Howard Matthew J MJ Minson Christopher T CT

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20160714 3

Passive heat therapy (repeated hot tub or sauna use) reduces cardiovascular risk, but its effects on the mechanisms underlying improvements in microvascular function have yet to be studied. We investigated the effects of heat therapy on microvascular function and whether improvements were related to changes in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability using cutaneous microdialysis. Eighteen young, sedentary, otherwise healthy subjects participated in 8 wk of heat therapy (hot water immersion to maintain ...[more]

PMID: 27418688

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Project description:Rationale: Passive heat therapy improves vascular endothelial function, likely via enhanced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, although the mechanistic stimuli driving these changes are unknown. Objective: To determine the isolated effects of circulating (serum) factors on endothelial cell function, particularly angiogenesis, and NO bioavailability. Methods and Results: Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to serum collected from 20 healthy young (22 ± 1 years) adults before (0 wk), after one session of water immersion (Acute HT), and after 8 wk of either heat therapy (N = 10; 36 sessions of hot water immersion; session 1 peak rectal temperature: 39.0 ± 0.03°C) or sham (N = 10; 36 sessions of thermoneutral water immersion). Serum collected following acute heat exposure and heat therapy improved endothelial cell angiogenesis (Matrigel bioassay total tubule length per frame, 0 wk: 69.3 ± 1.9 mm vs. Acute HT: 72.8 ± 1.4 mm, p = 0.04; vs. 8 wk: 73.0 ± 1.4 mm, p = 0.03), with no effects of sham serum. Enhanced angiogenesis was NO-mediated, as addition of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NNA to the culture media abolished differences in tubule formation across conditions (0 wk: 71.3 ± 1.8 mm, Acute HT: 71.6 ± 1.9 mm, 8 wk: 70.5 ± 1.6 mm, p = 0.69). In separate experiments, we found that abundance of endothelial NOS (eNOS) was unaffected by Acute HT serum (p = 0.71), but increased by 8 wk heat therapy serum (1.4 ± 0.1-fold from 0 wk, p < 0.01). Furthermore, increases in eNOS were related to improvements in endothelial tubule formation (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Passive heat therapy beneficially alters circulating factors that promote NO-mediated angiogenesis in endothelial cells and increase eNOS abundance. These changes may contribute to improvements in vascular function with heat therapy observed in vivo. Abbreviations: Ang-1: angiopoietin-1; ANOVA: analysis of variance; bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor; CV: cardiovascular; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; HSPs: heat shock proteins; HT: heat therapy; HUVECs: human umbilical endothelial cells; L-NNA: Nω-nitro-L-arginine; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RM: repeated measures; sFlt-1: soluble VEGF receptor; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TGF-β: transforming growth factor- β; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.

Project description:Rationale: Microembolization during PCI for acute myocardial infarction can cause microvascular obstruction (MVO). MVO severely limits the success of reperfusion therapies, is associated with additional myonecrosis, and is linked to worse prognosis, including death. We have shown, both in in vitro and in vivo models, that ultrasound (US) and microbubble (MB) therapy (termed "sonoreperfusion" or "SRP") is a theranostic approach that relieves MVO and restores perfusion, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. Objective: In this study, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) during SRP. Methods and results: We first demonstrated in plated cells that US-stimulated MB oscillations induced a 6-fold increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in vitro. We then monitored the kinetics of intramuscular NO and perfusion flow rate responses following 2-min of SRP therapy in the rat hindlimb muscle, with and without blockade of eNOS with LNAME. Following SRP, we found that starting at 6 minutes, intramuscular NO increased significantly over 30 min and was higher than baseline after 13 min. Concomitant contrast enhanced burst reperfusion imaging confirmed that there was a marked increase in perfusion flow rate at 6 and 10 min post SRP compared to baseline (>2.5 fold). The increases in intramuscular NO and perfusion rate were blunted with LNAME. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that NO plays a role in SRP by assessing reperfusion efficacy in a previously described rat hindlimb model of MVO during blockade of eNOS. After US treatment 1, microvascular blood volume was restored to baseline in the MB+US group, but remained low in the LNAME group. Perfusion rates increased in the MB+US group after US treatment 2 but not in the MB+US+LNAME group. Conclusions: These data strongly support that MB oscillations can activate the eNOS pathway leading to increased blood perfusion and that NO plays a significant role in SRP efficacy.

Project description:AimHeat exposure has been indicated to positively affect glucose metabolism. An involvement of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in the enhancement of insulin sensitivity upon heat exposure has been previously suggested. Here, we performed an intervention study exploring the effect of passive heat acclimation (PHA) on glucose metabolism and intracellular (a) HSP72 concentrations in overweight humans.MethodsEleven non-diabetic overweight (BMI 27-35 kg/m2 ) participants underwent 10 consecutive days of PHA (4-6 h/day, 34.4 ± 0.2°C, 22.8 ± 2.7%RH). Before and after PHA, whole-body insulin sensitivity was assessed using a one-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to measure intracellular iHSP72, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured using indirect calorimetry and blood samples were drawn to assess markers of metabolic health. Thermophysiological adaptations were measured during a temperature ramp protocol before and after PHA.ResultsDespite a lack of change in iHSP72, 10 days of PHA reduced basal (9.7 ± 1.4 pre- vs 8.4 ± 2.1 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 post-PHA, P = .038) and insulin-stimulated (2.1 ± 0.9 pre- vs 1.5 ± 0.8 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 post-PHA, P = .005) endogenous glucose production (EGP) and increased insulin suppression of EGP (78.5 ± 9.7% pre- vs 83.0 ± 7.9% post-PHA, P = .028). Consistently, fasting plasma glucose (6.0 ± 0.5 pre- vs 5.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L post-PHA, P = .013) and insulin concentrations (97 ± 55 pre- vs 84 ± 49 pmol/L post-PHA, P = .026) decreased significantly. Moreover, fat oxidation increased, and free fatty acids as well as cholesterol concentrations and mean arterial pressure decreased after PHA.ConclusionOur results show that PHA for 10 days improves glucose metabolism and enhances fat metabolism, without changes in iHSP72. Further exploration of the therapeutic role of heat in cardio-metabolic disorders should be considered.

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Passive heat therapy improves cutaneous microvascular function in sedentary humans via improved nitric oxide-dependent dilation.

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Passive heat therapy improves cutaneous microvascular function in sedentary humans via improved nitric oxide-dependent dilation.

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