Effect of dendritic organ ligation on striped eel catfish Plotosus lineatus osmoregulation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Malakpour Kolbadinezhad S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6198982 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Unlike other marine teleosts, the Plotosidae catfishes reportedly have an extra-branchial salt secreting dendritic organ (DO). Salinity acclimation [brackishwater (BW) 3aaa, seawater (SWcontrol) 34aaa, and hypersaline water (HSW) 60aaa] for 14 days was used to investigate the osmoregulatory abilities of Plotosus lineatus through measurements of blood chemistry, muscle water content (MWC), Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) specific activity and ion transporter expression in gills, DO, kidney and intestine. Ion transporter expression was determined using immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HSW elevated mortality, plasma osmolality and ions, and hematocrit, and decreased MWC indicating an osmoregulatory challenge. NKA specific activity and protein levels were significantly higher in DO compared to gill, kidney and intestine at all salinities. NKA specific activity increased in kidney and posterior intestine with HSW but only kidney showed correspondingly higher NKA ?-subunit protein levels. Since DO mass was greater in HSW, the total amount of DO NKA activity expressed per gram fish was greater indicating higher overall capacity. Gill NKA and V-ATPase protein levels were greater with HSW acclimation but this was not reflected in NKA activity, mRNA or ionocyte abundance. BW acclimation resulted in lower NKA activity in gill, kidney and DO. Cl- levels were better regulated and the resulting strong ion ratio in BW suggests a metabolic acidosis. Elevated DO heat shock protein 70 levels in HSW fish indicate a cellular stress. Strong NKA and NKCC1 (Na+:K+:2Cl- cotransporter1) co-localization was observed in DO parenchymal cells, which was rare in gill ionocytes. NKCC1 immunoblot expression was only detected in DO, which was highest at HSW. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator Cl- channel (CFTR) localize apically to DO NKA immunoreactive cells. Taken together, the demonstration of high NKA activity in DO coexpressed with NKCC1 and CFTR indicates the presence of the conserved secondary active Cl- secretion mechanism found in other ion transporting epithelia suggesting a convergent evolution with other vertebrate salt secreting organs. However, the significant osmoregulatory challenge of HSW indicates that the DO may be of limited use under more extreme salinity conditions in contrast to the gill based ionoregulatory strategy of marine teleosts.
| S-EPMC6037869 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The complete mitochondrial genome of stripped eel catfish, Plotosus lineatus, is sequenced in this study. The mitochondrial genome sequence is 16 480 bp in length, with the base composition of 24.7% A, 31.8% T, 27.8% G and 15.7% C. The G + C content is 43.5%. The mitochondria includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and one D-loop region. Except for NAD6 gene and eight tRNA genes, all other mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand. Plotosus lineatus was confirmed to be closely related to P. japonicus (GenBank: KR270437.1), based on our phylogenetic analysis on complete mitochondrial genome sequences of 13 species. Our complete mitogenome data are going to provide the basis for taxonomic and phylogenetic research of catfishes.
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Project description:Bacteriophages infecting Edwardsiella ictaluri have been less investigated, although the host bacterium is one of the most important fish pathogens causing enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). We present here two distinctly novel bacteriophages vB_EiM_PVN06 and vB_EiA_PVN09 infecting Edwardsiella ictaluri E1, with their geographical origins from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Bacteriophage vB_EiM_PVN06 native to a mud sample reveals complete differences of biological properties with the phage vB_EiA_PVN09 originated from a viscus of a healthy catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) cultured in the same area. Morphological analyses combined with genomic data indicate that phage vB_EiM_PVN06 is classified to Myoviridae family and shares high similarity with E. ictaluri phage PEi21 genome, while vB_EiA_PVN09 is a member of Teseptimavirus genus, Autographiviridae family, and mostly closes to phage vB_EcoP_IME390. The vB_EiA_PVN09 is a T7-like bacteriophage, which has been firstly found infecting to E. ictaluri, and host range analysis also evidences for the cross-infection of this phage to Escherichia coli K12 and Escherichia coli DH5α. Together, our research highlights the diversity of bacteriophages infecting the pathogen E. ictaluri and suggests further explorations of lytic phages in environmental niches, to be exploited in feasible strategies of phage therapy in ESC disease control.
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Project description:Antimicrobial usage is common in Asian aquaculture. This study aimed to determine the quality of antimicrobial products used by Vietnamese striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) farmers. Twenty one antimicrobial products (11 products contained a single antimicrobial and 10 products contained a mixture of two different antimicrobials) commonly used by catfish farmers were obtained from so-called chemical shops located in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze concentration of sulfonamides, trimethoprim, amoxicillin, cefalexin and ciprofloxacin whereas concentrations of florfenicol and doxycycline were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection. Results revealed that only 4/11 products with a single antimicrobial and 2/10 products with a mixture of antimicrobials contained active substances within ±10% of the concentration declared on the product label. Two products with antimicrobial mixtures did not contain any of the declared antimicrobials. Comparing two batches, analysis of 11 products revealed that only one product contained a concentration of active compound that varied with less than 10% in both batches. Several product labels provided inadequate information on how to calculate therapeutic dosage and further stated withdrawal time despite lack of pharmacokinetic data on the antimicrobials in catfish. There is an urgent need to strengthen approval procedures and in particular regularly to monitor the quality of antimicrobials used in Vietnamese aquaculture.
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Project description:Sodium hypochlorite is generally used as a disinfectant in washing of freshwater fishes where the safety aspect of health is of concern. Although plant-based essential oils and synthetic chemical agents have been applied, they might contain toxic substances, are expensive and can cause undesirable quality. This research aims to fill the knowledge gap necessary to validate Citrus aurantium juice as a disinfecting agent for preserving striped catfish steaks at -20 °C for 28 days. Fifty (50) ppm sodium hypochlorite was used as a commercial disinfectant (control). The results showed that a negative color characteristic (higher a* and increased b*) was found in the control but not in striped catfish steaks immersed in C. aurantium juice (TM) on days 14 and 28. No significant differences were found in the peroxide value among the treatments on days 14 and 28 (P > 0.05). A lower accumulation of trichloroacetic acid soluble peptides was detected in TM but not in control, while total volatile basic nitrogen of all treatments was up to standard of fish quality during storage. Contrastingly, the total viable count of both treatments increased to >7.0 log CFU/g on day 28 which did not meet the edible limit of standard for freshwater fishes. The spoilage microbial community was observed on days 0 and 28 of storage which showed a decrease in relative abundance of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Brochothrix, Lactococcus, Carnobacterium, Psychrobacter, and Vagococcus as found in TM on day 28, when compared to the control. Thus, these results implied that C. aurantium juice could replace sodium hypochlorite as an alternative disinfecting agent to control the microbiological spoilage and physico-chemical quality of striped catfish steaks.
| S-EPMC10103698 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To determine the effectivity of bacteriophages in controlling the mass mortality of striped catfish (Pangasianodonhypophthalmus) due to infections caused by Aeromonas spp. in Vietnamese fish farms, bacteriophages against pathogenic Aeromonashydrophila were isolated. A.hydrophila-phage 2 and A.hydrophila-phage 5 were successfully isolated from water samples from the Saigon River of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. These phages, belonging to the Myoviridae family, were found to have broad activity spectra, even against the tested multiple-antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas isolates. The latent periods and burst size of phage 2 were 10 min and 213 PFU per infected host cell, respectively. The bacteriophages proved to be effective in inhibiting the growth of the Aeromonas spp. under laboratory conditions. Phage treatments applied to the pathogenic strains during infestation of catfish resulted in a significant improvement in the survival rates of the tested fishes, with up to 100% survival with MOI 100, compared to 18.3% survival observed in control experiments. These findings illustrate the potential for using phages as an effective bio-treatment method to control Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in fish farms. This study provides further evidence towards the use of bacteriophages to effectively control disease in aquaculture operations.
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Project description:A 56-day feeding trial investigated the effects of dietary histamine on the antioxidant capacity, gastric and intestinal barrier functions, and growth performance of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Seven isonitrogenous (34.0% crude protein) and isolipidic (10.5% crude lipid) diets were formulated with supplemental 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 mg/kg of histamine, named H0, H15, H30, H60, H120, H240, and H480 group, respectively. Results showed that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, relative intestinal length in the H240 and H480 groups, and the condition factors in the H480 group were significantly lower than those in the H0 group. Intestinal total antioxidant capacity, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities in the H480 group were significantly lower than those in the H0 group, whereas intestinal malondialdehyde content exhibited the opposite trend. Intestinal complement 3, complement 4, immunoglobulin M, and Recombinant Mucin 2 in the H480 group were significantly lower than those in the H0 group, in contrast to intestinal lipopolysaccharide content. Intestinal IL-10 gene expression in the H480 group was significantly lower than that in the H0 group, whereas the TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 gene expression exhibited opposite results. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observation of the gastrointestinal tract revealed severe damage to the gastric mucosa and intestinal epithelium in the H480 group. The abundance of Treponema in the histamine groups was significantly higher than that in the H0 group. These results indicated that high dietary histamine decreases intestinal immunity and antioxidant capacity, inducing digestive tract oxidative damage and ultimately decreasing the growth of striped catfish.
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Project description:Chromium is considered the most detrimental pollutant to the aquatic organisms. The present experiment was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of chromium in view of its effects on hemato-biochemical parameters and the structure of erythrocytes in striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Fish were exposed to seven different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60?mg/L) of chromium, each with three replications for 96?h. After 96?h of exposure, the survived fish were sacrificed to measure hemato-biochemical parameters (hemoglobin, Hb; red blood cell, RBC; white blood cell, WBC; packed cell volume, PCV; mean corpuscular volume, MCV; the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCH and blood glucose). In addition, erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) of peripheral erythrocytes were assayed. No mortality was observed up to 10?mg/L, but 90% and 100% mortality was observed at 50?mg/L and 60?mg/L, respectively after a 96?h exposure period. The 96?h LC50 value through probit analysis was 32.47?mg/L. Hb (%), RBC (×106/mm3) and PCV (%) significantly decreased at 20, 30 and 40?mg/L of chromium, whereas WBC (×103/mm3), MCV (?m3) and MCH (pg) showed the opposite scenario. Blood glucose (mg/dL) levels significantly increased at 10, 20, 30 and 40?mg/L of chromium compared to 0?mg/L. Frequencies of ECA and ENA significantly increased with increasing chromium concentrations. This study indicates that chromium is highly toxic to striped catfish.
| S-EPMC7260616 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Assessments of genomic prediction accuracies using artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms (i.e., machine and deep learning methods) are currently not available or very limited in aquaculture species. The principal aim of this study was to examine the predictive performance of these new methods for disease resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri in a population of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and to make comparisons with four common methods, i.e., pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP), genomic-based best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and a nonlinear Bayesian approach (notably BayesR). Our analyses using machine learning (i.e., ML-KAML) and deep learning (i.e., DL-MLP and DL-CNN) together with the four common methods (PBLUP, GBLUP, ssGBLUP, and BayesR) were conducted for two main disease resistance traits (i.e., survival status coded as 0 and 1 and survival time, i.e., days that the animals were still alive after the challenge test) in a pedigree consisting of 560 individual animals (490 offspring and 70 parents) genotyped for 14,154 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). The results using 6,470 SNPs after quality control showed that machine learning methods outperformed PBLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP, with the increases in the prediction accuracies for both traits by 9.1-15.4%. However, the prediction accuracies obtained from machine learning methods were comparable to those estimated using BayesR. Imputation of missing genotypes using AlphaFamImpute increased the prediction accuracies by 5.3-19.2% in all the methods and data used. On the other hand, there were insignificant decreases (0.3-5.6%) in the prediction accuracies for both survival status and survival time when multivariate models were used in comparison to univariate analyses. Interestingly, the genomic prediction accuracies based on only highly significant SNPs (P < 0.00001, 318-400 SNPs for survival status and 1,362-1,589 SNPs for survival time) were somewhat lower (0.3-15.6%) than those obtained from the whole set of 6,470 SNPs. In most of our analyses, the accuracies of genomic prediction were somewhat higher for survival time than survival status (0/1 data). It is concluded that although there are prospects for the application of genomic selection to increase disease resistance to E. ictaluri in striped catfish breeding programs, further evaluation of these methods should be made in independent families/populations when more data are accumulated in future generations to avoid possible biases in the genetic parameters estimates and prediction accuracies for the disease-resistant traits studied in this population of striped catfish P. hypophthalmus.
| S-EPMC8727988 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Teleost fish skin serves as the first line of defense against pathogens. The interaction between pathogen and host skin determines the infection outcome. However, the mechanism(s) that modulate infection remain largely unknown. A proper tissue culture model that is easier to handle but can quantitatively and qualitatively monitor infection progress may shed some lights. Here, we use striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) to establish an ex vivo skin explant tissue culture model to explore host pathogen interactions. The skin explant model resembles in vivo skin in tissue morphology, integrity, and immune functionality. Inoculation of aquatic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila in this model induces epidermal exfoliation along with epithelial cell dissociation and inflammation. We conclude that this ex vivo skin explant model could serve as a teleost skin infection model for monitoring pathogenesis under various infection conditions. The model can also potentially be translated into a platform to study prevention and treatment of aquatic infection on the skin in aquaculture applications.
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