Dataset Information

Association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Epidemiological studies have found that high whole grain intake may be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, the evidence has not been consistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk.

Methods

Relevant observational studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library databases, and Google Scholar through April 2017. Summary relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 11 studies, including 4 cohort and 7 case-control studies and involving 131,151 participants and 11,589 breast cancer cases, were included in the current meta-analysis. The pooled RR of breast cancer for those with high versus low whole grain intake was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74 to 0.96, p?=?0.009; I² =?63.8%, p _{for heterogeneity}?=?0.002). Subgroup analysis by study design found a significant inverse association in the case-control studies (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.87, p?=?0.001; I² =?58.2%, p _{for heterogeneity}?=?0.026), but not in the cohort studies (RR, 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.14, p?=?0.69; I² =?66.7%, p for heterogeneity?=?0.029). In addition, stratified analysis suggested that sample size could be a potential source of heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Results of the current meta-analysis suggest that high intake of whole grains might be inversely associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, and the inverse association was only observed in case-control but not cohort studies. More large-scale cohort studies are needed to confirm the inverse association observed.

SUBMITTER: Xiao Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6201708 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Xiao Yunjun Y Ke Yuebin Y Wu Shuang S Huang Suli S Li Siguo S Lv Ziquan Z Yeoh Eng-Kiong EK Lao Xiangqian X Wong Samuel S Kim Jean Hee JH Colditz Graham A GA Tamimi Rulla M RM Su Xuefen X

Nutrition journal 20180921 1

<h4>Background</h4>Epidemiological studies have found that high whole grain intake may be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, the evidence has not been consistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk.<h4>Methods</h4>Relevant observational studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library databases, and Google Scholar through April 2017. Summary relative risk (RR) estimate ...[more]

PMID: 30241536

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Project description:ImportanceHigher intake of whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of major chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD), although limited prospective evidence exists regarding whole grains' association with mortality.ObjectiveTo examine the association between dietary whole grain consumption and risk of mortality.Design, setting, and participantsWe investigated 74 341 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2010) and 43 744 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010), 2 large prospective cohort studies. All patients were free of CVD and cancer at baseline.Main outcomes and measuresHazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality and mortality due to CVD and cancer according to quintiles of whole grain consumption, which was updated every 2 or 4 years by using validated food frequency questionnaires.ResultsWe documented 26 920 deaths during 2 727 006 person-years of follow-up. After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, including age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, higher whole grain intake was associated with lower total and CVD mortality but not cancer mortality: the pooled HRs for quintiles 1 through 5, respectively, of whole grain intake were 1 (reference), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95-1.02), 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95-1.02), 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-1.01), and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.95) for total mortality (P fortrend < .001); 1 (reference), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.01), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78-0.92) for CVD mortality (P fortrend < .001); and 1 (reference), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.96-1.08), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.99-1.12), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.98-1.11), and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.91-1.04) for cancer mortality (P fortrend = .43). We further estimated that every serving (28 g/d) of whole grain consumption was associated with a 5% (95% CI, 2%-7%) lower total morality or a 9% (95% CI, 4%-13%) lower CVD mortality, whereas the same intake level was nonsignificantly associated with lower cancer mortality (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94-1.02). Similar inverse associations were observed between bran intake and CVD mortality, with a pooled HR of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73-0.87; P fortrend < .001), whereas germ intake was not associated with CVD mortality after adjustment for bran intake.Conclusions and relevanceThese data indicate that higher whole grain consumption is associated with lower total and CVD mortality in US men and women, independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors. These results are in line with recommendations that promote increased whole grain consumption to facilitate disease prevention.

Dataset Information

Association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Similar Datasets

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