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The effect of sorghum fractions on apparent total tract digestibility and antioxidant capacity by dogs.

ABSTRACT: Sorghum is an abundant starch source that has many potential health benefits. Some pet food companies have adopted whole sorghum in their formulations, however sorghum flour and (or) its phenolic rich seed coat might provide added benefit to companion animal diets. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate diets utilizing sorghum flour (FLD), and sorghum mill feed (MFD) relative to whole sorghum (WSD), and conventional grains (rice, corn and wheat; CON) in a typical dog diet. Adult (1-3 yr) Beagle dogs (n = 12; 10.6 kg ± 1.4) were randomly assigned to individual pens with ad libitum access to water. Dogs were fed twice daily and adapted to diet (9 d), and then total feces were collected for 5 d over 4 periods in a 4x4 replicated Latin square design. Fecal output for determination of digestibility was estimated using Cr2O3 as a marker. Number of defecations were quantified, and feces were scored. Approximately 3 mL of blood from each dog was collected at the end of each period and stored at -80° until further analyses. Means were separated using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Intake did not differ among treatments (average 187 g/d), but dogs fed the MFD excreted a larger (P<0.05) amount of feces, had more defecations per day, and lower (P<0.05) overall nutrient digestibility compared to the other treatments. The FLD had the highest (P<0.05) dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) digestibility, suggesting a possible application in "easy-to-digest" pet foods. Dogs fed the MFD had the highest (P < 0.05) plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value, but plasma ferulic and p-coumaric acids did not differ among treatments. Sorghum fractions have potential application in pet food; wherein, a bran rich fraction may promote antioxidant capacity, and flour increased digestibility.

SUBMITTER: Corsato Alvarenga I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6203353 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effect of sorghum fractions on apparent total tract digestibility and antioxidant capacity by dogs.

Corsato Alvarenga Isabella I Aldrich Charles Gregory CG

PloS one 20181026 10

Sorghum is an abundant starch source that has many potential health benefits. Some pet food companies have adopted whole sorghum in their formulations, however sorghum flour and (or) its phenolic rich seed coat might provide added benefit to companion animal diets. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate diets utilizing sorghum flour (FLD), and sorghum mill feed (MFD) relative to whole sorghum (WSD), and conventional grains (rice, corn and wheat; CON) in a typical dog diet. Adult (1-3 y ...[more]

PMID: 30365541

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Project description:Resistant starch (RS) is fermentable by gut microbiota and effectively modulates fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in pigs, mice, and humans. RS may have similar beneficial effects on the canine gut but has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% dietary RS (Hi-maize 260) on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, fermentative end-product concentrations, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs. An incomplete 5 × 5 Latin square design with seven dogs and five experimental periods was used, with each treatment period lasting 21 d (days 0 to 17 adaptation; days 18 to 21 fresh and total fecal collection) and each dog serving as its own control. Seven dogs (mean age = 5.3 yr; mean body weight = 20 kg) were randomly allotted to one of five treatments formulated to be iso-energetic and consisting of graded amounts of 100% amylopectin cornstarch, RS, and cellulose and fed as a top dressing on the food each day. All dogs were fed the same amount of a basal diet throughout the study, and fresh water was offered ad libitum. The basal diet contained 6.25% RS (dry matter [DM] basis), contributing approximately 18.3 g of RS/d based on their daily food intake (292.5 g DM/d). Data were evaluated for linear and quadratic effects using SAS. The treatments included 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of an additional RS source. Because Hi-maize 260 is approximately 40% digestible and 60% indigestible starch, the dogs received the following amounts of RS daily: 0% = 18.3 g (18.3 + 0 g), 1% = 20.1 g (18.3 + 1.8 g), 2% = 21.9 g (18.3 + 3.6 g), 3% = 23.7 g (18.3 + 5.4 g), and 4% = 25.5 g (18.3 + 7.2 g). Apparent total tract DM, organic matter, crude protein, fat, and gross energy digestibilities and fecal pH were linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with increased RS consumption. Fecal output was linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increased RS consumption. Fecal scores and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations were not affected by RS consumption. Although most of the fecal microbial taxa were not altered, Faecalibacterium were increased (P < 0.05) with increased RS consumption. The decrease in fecal pH and increase in fecal Faecalibacterium would be viewed as being beneficial to gastrointestinal health. Although our results seem to indicate that RS is poorly and/or slowly fermentable in dogs, the lack of observed change may have been due to the rather high level of RS contained in the basal diet.

Project description:Commercial fresh cooked foods have started gaining popularity among American dog owners in recent years. However, nutrient digestibility and the estimation of metabolizable energy (ME) of commercial fresh dog foods remain inadequately understood, even though both measures are critical to provide the intended calories for the target animal. In this preliminary study, different cohorts of normal-weight dogs were fed one of five test diets of comparable macronutrient composition: a chicken-based extruded dry kibble diet (n = 12), and chicken- (n = 12), beef- (n = 6), pork- (n = 6), or turkey-based fresh food (n = 6) for 10 d. Daily food intake and fecal characteristics were recorded, and fecal samples were collected for nutrient analysis. Despite comparable dry matter (DM) and caloric intakes between the two chicken-based diets, the fresh diet led to lower defecation frequency (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 times/d, adjusted P < 0.001), lower fecal DM (24 ± 8 vs. 47 ± 10 g/d, adjusted P < 0.001), and lower fecal calories (92 ± 31 vs. 189 ± 43 kcal/d, adjusted P < 0.001) than the kibble diet. The apparent total tract digestibility of DM, protein, fat, nitrogen-free extract, and calories of the kibble diet were all significantly lower than any of the fresh diets (adjusted P < 0.001 for all). Measured ME per food DM in all of the fresh diets, except the pork-based recipe, was significantly higher than that of the kibble diet (adjusted P < 0.001 for all). For the kibble diet, the modified Atwater calculation underestimated the ME and the NRC 2006 calculation was the most accurate predictor of ME. The standard Atwater calculation performed best for the two fresh diets that had the highest fat content (chicken, beef) and the NRC 2006 calculation performed best for the fresh diet that had the highest protein content (pork). ME of the turkey-based diet was equally overestimated and underestimated with the standard Atwater and NRC 2006 methods, respectively. We propose that commercial and home-prepared fresh diets should be assessed using standard Atwater factors as commonly done in human nutrition, or preferably for commercial products, by direct measurement in conforming feeding trials.

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Dataset Information

The effect of sorghum fractions on apparent total tract digestibility and antioxidant capacity by dogs.

Publications

The effect of sorghum fractions on apparent total tract digestibility and antioxidant capacity by dogs.

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