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Ambient air pollution and fetal growth restriction: Physician diagnosis of fetal growth restriction versus population-based small-for-gestational age.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Ambient air pollution may affect fetal growth restriction (FGR) through several mechanisms. However, prior studies of air pollution and small-for-gestational age (SGA), a common proxy for FGR, have reported inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVE:We assessed air pollution in relation to physician-diagnosed FGR and population-based SGA in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Consecutive Pregnancy Study (2002-2010). METHODS:Among 50,005 women (112,203 singleton births), FGR was captured from medical records and ICD-9 codes, and SGA determined by population standards for birthweight <10th, <5th and <3rd percentile. Community Multiscale Air Quality models estimated ambient levels of seven criteria pollutants for whole pregnancy, 3-months preconception, and 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors accounted for interdependency of pregnancies within participant. Models adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking, alcohol, parity, insurance, marital status, asthma and temperature. RESULTS:FGR was diagnosed in 1.5% of infants, and 6.7% were <10th, 2.7% <5th and 1.5% <3rd percentile for SGA. Positive associations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 and negative associations of O3 with FGR were observed throughout preconception and pregnancy. For example, an interquartile increase in whole pregnancy SO2 was associated with 16% (95% CI 8%, 25%) increased FGR risk, 17% for NO2 (95% CI 9%, 26%) and 12% for PM10 (95% CI 6%, 19%). Associations with SGA were less clear. CONCLUSIONS:Chronic exposure to air pollution may be associated with FGR but not SGA in this low-risk population.

SUBMITTER: Nobles CJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6203640 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ambient air pollution and fetal growth restriction: Physician diagnosis of fetal growth restriction versus population-based small-for-gestational age.

Nobles Carrie J CJ Grantz Katherine L KL Liu Danping D Williams Andrew A Ouidir Marion M Seeni Indulaxmi I Sherman Seth S Mendola Pauline P

The Science of the total environment 20181003 Pt 2

<h4>Background</h4>Ambient air pollution may affect fetal growth restriction (FGR) through several mechanisms. However, prior studies of air pollution and small-for-gestational age (SGA), a common proxy for FGR, have reported inconsistent findings.<h4>Objective</h4>We assessed air pollution in relation to physician-diagnosed FGR and population-based SGA in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Consecutive Pregnancy Study (2002-2010).<h4>Metho ...[more]

PMID: 30296771

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Project description:Although ambient air pollution may increase hypertension risk through endothelial damage and oxidative stress, evidence is inconsistent regarding its effect on hypertension in pregnancy. Prior research has evaluated a limited scope of pollution species and often not differentiated preeclampsia, which may have a placental origin, from gestational hypertension. Among 49?607 women with at least 2 singleton deliveries in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Consecutive Pregnancies Study (2002-2010), we estimated criteria pollutant and volatile organic compound levels during pregnancy using Community Multiscale Air Quality models and abstracted gestational hypertension and preeclampsia diagnoses from medical records. Generalized estimating equations accounted for repeat pregnancies and adjusted for ambient temperature and maternal age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, parity, insurance, marital status, and asthma. Air pollution levels were low to moderate (eg, median 41.6 ppb [interquartile range, 38.9-43.7 ppb] for ozone and 35.1 ppb [28.9-40.3 ppb] for nitrogen oxides). Higher levels of most criteria pollutants during preconception and the first trimester were associated with lower preeclampsia risk, while higher second-trimester levels were associated with greater gestational hypertension risk. For example, an interquartile increase in first-trimester carbon monoxide was associated with a relative risk of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81-0.95) for preeclampsia and second-trimester carbon monoxide a relative risk of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.07-1.22) for gestational hypertension. Volatile organic compounds, conversely, were not associated with gestational hypertension but consistently associated with higher preeclampsia risk. These findings further suggest air pollution may affect the development of hypertension in pregnancy, although differing causes of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension may alter these relationships.

Project description:BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests a potential association between ambient air pollution and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but results have been inconsistent. Accordingly, we assessed the associations between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels with risk of GDM.MethodsUsing linked data from birth certificates, hospital discharge diagnoses, and air pollution estimates informed by the New York City Community Air Survey, we fit conditional logistic regression models to evaluate the association between residential levels of PM2.5 and NO2 with risk of GDM among 256,372 singleton live births of non-smoking mothers in New York City born 2008-2010, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and stratified on zip code of maternal address.ResultsGDM was identified in 17,065 women, yielding a risk of GDM in the study sample of 67 per 1000 deliveries. In single pollutant models, 1st and 2nd trimester PM2.5 was associated with a lower and higher risk of GDM, respectively. In models mutually adjusting for PM2.5 levels in both trimesters, GDM was associated with PM2.5 levels in the 2nd trimester (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10 per interquartile range increase in PM2.5), but not the 1st trimester (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.02). Conversely, GDM was associated with NO2 during the 1st trimester (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), but not the 2nd trimester (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.06). The positive associations between pollutants and GDM were robust to different model specifications. PM2.5 in the 2nd trimester was more strongly associated with GDM among mothers who were aged <35 years and not Medicaid recipients. NO2 in the 1st trimester was more strongly associated with GDM among overweight and parous women.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of singleton births in New York City, NO2 in the 1st trimester and PM2.5 in the 2nd trimester were associated with higher odds of GDM, while 1st trimester PM2.5 was weakly and inconsistently associated with lower odds of GDM.

Dataset Information

Ambient air pollution and fetal growth restriction: Physician diagnosis of fetal growth restriction versus population-based small-for-gestational age.

Publications

Ambient air pollution and fetal growth restriction: Physician diagnosis of fetal growth restriction versus population-based small-for-gestational age.

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