Dataset Information

Binocular temporal visual processing in myopia.

ABSTRACT: Our ability to utilize binocular visual information depends on the visibility of the retinal images in each eye, which varies with both their spatial and temporal frequency content. Although the effects of spatial information on binocular function have been established, the effects of temporal frequency on binocularity are less well understood. These factors may also vary with refractive error if spatiotemporal sensitivity is affected by structural changes during the emmetropization process that may differentially affect distinct ganglion cells. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the potential effects of temporal and spatial frequency on binocularity in young individuals with emmetropia or myopia. Stereopsis and binocular balance were measured as a function of temporal (0-12 Hz) and spatial (1-8 c/deg) frequency. Stereopsis thresholds were measured by determining the minimum disparity at which subjects accurately identified the depth of bandpass-filtered rings. Binocular balance was measured by determining the relative contrast at which subjects reported dichoptic bandpass-filtered letters with equal frequency. Stereopsis thresholds were temporal but not spatial frequency dependent whereas binocular balance was spatial and temporal frequency dependent. There were no differences in monocular spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity between refractive groups in our sample. However, individuals with myopia showed reduced stereopsis with flickering stimuli and greater binocular imbalance at higher spatial and lower temporal frequencies compared to emmetropes. Differences in binocular vision between emmetropia and corrected myopia depend on temporal as well as spatial frequency and may be the cause or consequence of abnormal emmetropization during visual development.

SUBMITTER: Vera-Diaz FA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6205559 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Binocular temporal visual processing in myopia.

Vera-Diaz Fuensanta A FA Bex Peter J PJ Ferreira Adriana A Kosovicheva Anna A

Journal of vision 20181001 11

Our ability to utilize binocular visual information depends on the visibility of the retinal images in each eye, which varies with both their spatial and temporal frequency content. Although the effects of spatial information on binocular function have been established, the effects of temporal frequency on binocularity are less well understood. These factors may also vary with refractive error if spatiotemporal sensitivity is affected by structural changes during the emmetropization process that ...[more]

PMID: 30372727

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Project description:PurposeTo assess the relationship of binocular visual function tests with binocular approximations using data from the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS).DesignCase series based on existing data from a clinical trial.ParticipantsSix hundred seven patients with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma from the CIGTS.MethodsMonocular visual field (VF) and visual acuity (VA) tests were performed at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Binocular tests of visual function (Esterman VF score, binocular VA) were added to the CIGTS protocol 3 years into the study. The binocular approximations of binocular visual function were better or worse eye, average eye, better or worse location, and binocular summation or pointwise binocular summation. Associations between binocular tests and binocular approximations to represent binocular visual function were assessed with Pearson's correlations (r), as was the relationship between vision-related quality of life (VR QOL; Visual Activities Questionnaire [VAQ] and the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire [NEI VFQ-25]) and binocular tests or binocular approximations of visual function.Main outcome measuresBinocular visual function (VF and VA) and VR QOL.ResultsFive hundred seventy-five patients underwent at least 1 binocular visual function test. The Esterman score was correlated significantly with all binocular approximations of VF, with r values ranging from 0.31 (worse-eye mean deviation [MD]) to 0.42 (better-eye MD; P < 0.0001 for all). Binocular VA showed stronger correlations with binocular approximations, with r values ranging from 0.65 (worse-eye VA) to 0.80 (binocular summation; P < 0.0001 for all). Correlations between the VAQ and Esterman score were stronger in 7 of 9 subscales (r = -0.14 to -0.25; P < 0.05 for all) than correlations with all 7 binocular approximations. In contrast, correlations between the VAQ and binocular VA (r = -0.07 to -0.21) were weaker in all subscales than those with better-eye, average-eye, and binocular summation of VA (r = -0.12 to -0.25), but not different from worse-eye values. These trends also were found in relevant subscales of the NEI VFQ-25.ConclusionsWe found limited benefit in binocular testing of VA in the clinical setting as a means of approximating a patient's reported visual functioning. In contrast, we found some benefit in performing binocular VF testing, because the results correlated more closely with reported functioning than binocular approximations.

Project description:Audio-visual integration relies on temporal synchrony between visual and auditory inputs. However, differences in traveling and transmitting speeds between visual and auditory stimuli exist; therefore, audio-visual synchrony perception exhibits flexible functions. The processing speed of visual stimuli affects the perception of audio-visual synchrony. The present study examined the effects of visual fields, in which visual stimuli are presented, for the processing of audio-visual temporal synchrony. The point of subjective simultaneity, the temporal binding window, and the rapid recalibration effect were measured using temporal order judgment, simultaneity judgment, and stream/bounce perception, because different mechanisms of temporal processing have been suggested among these three paradigms. The results indicate that auditory stimuli should be presented earlier for visual stimuli in the central visual field than in the peripheral visual field condition in order to perceive subjective simultaneity in the temporal order judgment task conducted in this study. Meanwhile, the subjective simultaneity bandwidth was broader in the central visual field than in the peripheral visual field during the simultaneity judgment task. In the stream/bounce perception task, neither the point of subjective simultaneity nor the temporal binding window differed between the two types of visual fields. Moreover, rapid recalibration occurred in both visual fields during the simultaneity judgment tasks. However, during the temporal order judgment task and stream/bounce perception, rapid recalibration occurred only in the central visual field. These results suggest that differences in visual processing speed based on the visual field modulate the temporal processing of audio-visual stimuli. Furthermore, these three tasks, temporal order judgment, simultaneity judgment, and stream/bounce perception, each have distinct functional characteristics for audio-visual synchrony perception. Future studies are necessary to confirm the effects of compensation regarding differences in the temporal resolution of the visual field in later cortical visual pathways on visual field differences in audio-visual temporal synchrony.

Dataset Information

Binocular temporal visual processing in myopia.

Publications

Binocular temporal visual processing in myopia.

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