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Normative Values for Heart Rate Variability Parameters in School-Aged Children: Simple Approach Considering Differences in Average Heart Rate.

ABSTRACT: Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a clinical tool frequently used to characterize cardiac autonomic status. The aim of this study was to establish normative values for short-term HRV parameters by considering their main determinants in school-aged children. Methods: Five-minute electrocardiograms were taken from 312 non-athlete children (153 boys) at age of 6 to 13 years for computation of conventional time- and frequency-domain HRV parameters. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, age, body mass index, and sex were considered as their potential determinants. Multiple regression analysis revealed that HR was the principal predictor of all standard HRV indices. To develop their universal normative limits, standard HRV parameters were corrected for prevailing HR. Results: The HRV correction for HR yielded the parameters which became independent on both sex and HR, and only poorly dependent on age (with small effect size). Normal ranges were calculated for both time- and frequency-domain indices (the latter computed with either fast Fourier transform and autoregressive method). To facilitate recalculation of standard HRV parameters into corrected ones, a calculator was created and attached as a Supplementary Material that can be downloaded and used for both research and clinical purposes. Conclusion: This study provides HRV normative values for school-aged children which have been developed independently of their major determinants. The calculator accessible in the Supplementary Material can considerably simplify determination if HRV parameters accommodate within normal limits.

SUBMITTER: Gasior JS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6207594 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Normative Values for Heart Rate Variability Parameters in School-Aged Children: Simple Approach Considering Differences in Average Heart Rate.

Gąsior Jakub S JS Sacha Jerzy J Pawłowski Mariusz M Zieliński Jakub J Jeleń Piotr J PJ Tomik Agnieszka A Książczyk Tomasz M TM Werner Bożena B Dąbrowski Marek J MJ

Frontiers in physiology 20181024

<b>Background:</b> Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a clinical tool frequently used to characterize cardiac autonomic status. The aim of this study was to establish normative values for short-term HRV parameters by considering their main determinants in school-aged children. <b>Methods:</b> Five-minute electrocardiograms were taken from 312 non-athlete children (153 boys) at age of 6 to 13 years for computation of conventional time- and frequency-domain HRV parameters. Heart rate (HR), r ...[more]

PMID: 30405445

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Project description:Adolescence is the most critical phase of human growth that radically alters physiology of the body and wherein any inconsistency can lead to serious health consequences in adulthood. The timing and pace at which various developmental events occur during adolescence is highly diverse and thus results in a drastic change in blood biochemistry. Monitoring the physiological levels of various biochemical measures in ample number of individuals during adolescence can call up for an early intervention in managing metabolic diseases in adulthood. Today, only a couple of studies in different populations have investigated blood biochemistry in a small number of adolescents however, there is no comprehensive biochemical data available worldwide. In view, we performed a cross-sectional study in a sizeable group of 7,618 Indian adolescents (3,333 boys and 4,285 girls) aged between 11-17 years to inspect the distribution of values of common biochemical parameters that generally prevails during adolescence and we observed that various parameters considerably follow the reported values from different populations being 3.56-6.49mmol/L (fasting glucose), 10.60-199.48pmol/L (insulin), 0.21-3.22nmol/L (C-peptide), 3.85-6.25% (HbA1c), 2.49-5.54mmol/L (total cholesterol), 1.16-3.69mmol/L (LDL), 0.78-1.85mmol/L (HDL), 0.33-2.24mmol/L (triglycerides), 3.56-11.45mmol/L (urea), 130.01-440.15?mol/L (uric acid) and 22.99-74.28?mol/L (creatinine). Barring LDL and triglycerides, all parameters differed significantly between boys and girls (p< 0.001). Highest difference was seen for uric acid (p = 1.3 x10-187) followed by C-peptide (p = 6.6 x10-89). Across all ages during adolescence, glycemic and nitrogen metabolites parameters varied markedly with gender. Amongst lipid parameters, only HDL levels were found to be significantly associated with gender following puberty (p< 0.001). All parameters except urea, differed considerably in obese and lean adolescents (p< 0.0001). The present study asserts that age, sex and BMI are the essential contributors to variability in blood biochemistry during adolescence. Our composite data on common blood biochemical measures will benefit future endeavors to define reference intervals in adolescents especially when the global availability is scarce.

Project description:Objective Rotational Chair Test (RCT) is considered one of the most critical measures for vestibular functionality, which generally includes the sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test (SHAT), velocity step test (VST), and visual suppression (VS). The purpose of this study was to establish normal values for different age groups on the RCT and investigate whether motion susceptibility, such as with a history of motion sickness or migraine, has any effects on test metrics. Methods One hundred and nine subjects aged from 20 to 59 years who were free from neurotological and vestibular disorders were enrolled. According to the history of motion sickness or migraine, participants were divided into four groups: the motion sickness (MS) group (n = 13), the migraine group (n = 8), comorbidity group (n = 11), and the control group (n = 77). The 77 subjects without any history of MS and migraine were then further separated into four age groups: youth group (20–29 years), young and middle-aged group (30–39 years), middle-age group (40–49 years), and middle-age and elderly group (50–59 years). All participants underwent SHAT, VST, and VS, and a comprehensive set of metrics including gain, phase, asymmetry, time constant (TC), and Fixation Index were recorded. Results Regarding the VST and VS, no significant differences were observed either across the four groups (MS, migraine, comorbidity, and control group) or four age categories within the control group. For SHAT, VOR gain at the frequency of 0.01 Hz, VOR phase from 0.08 to 0.64 Hz, and asymmetry at 0.01, 0.16, and 0.64 Hz indicated significant differences among various age groups (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). The VOR phase lead was lower in the migraine and comorbidity group than that in the control group at 0.64 Hz (P = 0.027, P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions Age slightly affects the result of SHAT, but not for VST and VS. VOR gain is more susceptible to aging at low frequency, while the phase is opposite. Subjects with both migraine and motion sickness show abnormal velocity storage mechanisms. Phase bias should be considered when assessing motion susceptibility with the RCT. SHAT is more sensitive than VST in terms of reflecting motion susceptibility.

Dataset Information

Normative Values for Heart Rate Variability Parameters in School-Aged Children: Simple Approach Considering Differences in Average Heart Rate.

Publications

Normative Values for Heart Rate Variability Parameters in School-Aged Children: Simple Approach Considering Differences in Average Heart Rate.

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