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Opposite Carcinogenic Effects of Circadian Clock Gene BMAL1.

ABSTRACT: The circadian clock confers daily rhythmicity on many biochemical and physiological functions and its disruption is associated with increased risks of developing obesity, diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Although, there are studies on the role of Bmal1 in carcinogenesis using germline, conditional or tissue-specific knockouts, it is still not well understood how BMAL1 gene affects cancer-related biological events at the molecular level. We, therefore, took an in vitro approach to understand the contribution of BMAL1 in this molecular mechanism using human breast epithelial cell lines by knocking out BMAL1 gene with CRISPR technology. We preferred epithelial cells over fibroblasts as the most of cancers originate from epithelial cells. After obtaining BMAL1 knockouts by targeting the gene at two different sites from non-tumorigenic MCF10A and invasive tumorigenic MDA-MB-231 cells, we analysed apoptosis and invasion properties of the cell lines as representative events in tumor development. BMAL1 disruption sensitized both cell lines to a bulky-DNA adduct forming agent (cisplatin) and a double-strand break-inducing agent (doxorubicin), while it enhanced the invasive properties of MDA-MB-231 cells. These results show that the disruption of clock genes may have opposing carcinogenic effects.

SUBMITTER: Korkmaz T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6207783 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptome analysis of the circadian clock gene BMAL1 deletion with opposite carcinogenic effects

Project description:We have previously reported that the deletion of BMAL1 gene has opposite effects in respect to its contribution to the pathways that are effective in the multistage carcinogenesis process. BMAL1 deletion sensitized nearly-normal breast epithelial (MCF10A) and invasive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) to cisplatin and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis while this deletion also aggravated the invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, the mechanistic relationship of the seemingly opposite contribution of BMAL1 deletion to carcinogenesis process is not known at genome-wide level. In this study, an RNA-seq approach was taken to uncover the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways after treating BMAL1 knockout (KO) or wild-type (WT) MDA-MB-231 cells with cisplatin and doxorubicin to initiate apoptosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis with the DEGs demonstrated enrichment in multiple genes/pathways contribute to sensitization to cisplatin or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in BMAL1-dependent manner. Additionally, our DEG analysis suggested that non-coding transcripts RNA (such as lncRNA and processed pseudogenes) may have role in cisplatin or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Protein-protein interaction network obtained from common DEGs in cisplatin and doxorubicin treatments revealed that GSK3b, NACC1 and EGFR are the principal genes regulating the response of the KO cells. Moreover, the analysis of DEGs among untreated BMAL1 KO and WT cells revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes are upregulated in KO cells. As a negative control, we have also analyzed the DEGs following treatment with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agent, tunicamycin which was affected by BMAL1 deletion minimally. Collectively, the present study suggests BMAL1 regulates many genes/pathways of which the alteration in BMAL1 KO cells may shed light on pleotropic phenotype observed.

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Deficiency of the Circadian Clock Gene <i>Bmal1</i> Reduces Microglial Immunometabolism.

Project description:Microglia are brain immune cells responsible for immune surveillance. Microglial activation is, however, closely associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and obesity. Therefore, it is critical that microglial immune response appropriately adapts to different stressors. The circadian clock controls the cellular process that involves the regulation of inflammation and energy hemostasis. Here, we observed a significant circadian variation in the expression of markers related to inflammation, nutrient utilization, and antioxidation in microglial cells isolated from mice. Furthermore, we found that the core clock gene-Brain and Muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1) plays a role in regulating microglial immune function in mice and microglial BV-2 cells by using quantitative RT-PCR. Bmal1 deficiency decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased gene expression of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory factors in microglia. These changes were also observed in Bmal1 knock-down microglial BV-2 cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid stimulations. Moreover, Bmal1 deficiency affected the expression of metabolic associated genes and metabolic processes, and increased phagocytic capacity in microglia. These findings suggest that Bmal1 is a key regulator in microglial immune response and cellular metabolism.

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