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Overall and Sex-Specific Associations Between Fetal Adversity and Child Development at Age 1 Year: Evidence From Brazil.

ABSTRACT: A growing body of epigenetic research suggests that in-utero adaptations to environmental changes display important sex-specific variation. We tested this heterogeneous adaptation hypothesis using data from 900 children born at the University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between October 2013 and April 2014. Crude and adjusting linear models were used to quantify the associations between prematurity, being small for gestational age, and children's physical and mental development at 12 months of age. Prematurity was negatively associated with neuropsychological development in final models (z score difference, -0.42, 95% confidence intervals: -0.71, -0.14), but associations did not vary significantly by sex. For being small for gestational age, associations with height-for-age, weight-for-age, and neuropsychological development were also negative, but they were systematically larger for male than for female infants (P < 0.05 for all). These results suggest that male fetuses may be more vulnerable to intrauterine adversity than female fetuses. Further research will be needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these sex-specific associations.

SUBMITTER: Fink G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6211242 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overall and Sex-Specific Associations Between Fetal Adversity and Child Development at Age 1 Year: Evidence From Brazil.

Fink Günther G Andrews Kathryn G KG Brentani Helena H Grisi Sandra S Scoleze Ferrer Ana Paula AP Brentani Alexandra A

American journal of epidemiology 20181101 11

A growing body of epigenetic research suggests that in-utero adaptations to environmental changes display important sex-specific variation. We tested this heterogeneous adaptation hypothesis using data from 900 children born at the University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between October 2013 and April 2014. Crude and adjusting linear models were used to quantify the associations between prematurity, being small for gestational age, and children's physical and mental development at 12 months of ...[more]

PMID: 29982368

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Project description:ObjectivesTo explore environmental and individual factors that are associated with child development and to investigate whether the strength of these associations differs according to the age of the children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study was part of the LIFE Child study, a large cohort study conducted in Leipzig, Germany.Participants778 children aged between 0.5 and 6 years (48.6% girls, mean age=2.67 years).Outcome measuresThe outcomes were cognitive development, language development, body and hand motor skills, social-emotional development, and tracing skills, measured with a standardised development test. We analysed the associations between development and gestational age, socioeconomic status (SES), sex, behavioural difficulties, siblings, sleep duration, breastfeeding duration and overweight/obesity. We also tested for interactions between these variables and child age or sex.ResultsHigher gestational age (b ranging between 0.12 and 0.26) and higher SES (b ranging between 0.08 and 0.21) were associated with better outcomes in almost all developmental domains (all p<0.019). Children with older siblings had improved body and hand motor skills compared with children without older siblings (both b=0.55, all p<0.029). Boys had poorer scores than girls in body and hand motor skills and tracing (b=-0.45, -0.68 and -1.5, all p<0.019). Children with behavioural difficulties had significantly poorer outcomes in most developmental domains. Some of the associations with SES and sex were stronger in older than in younger children. Associations between gestational age and motor development were weaker in older children. We did not find significant associations between child development and sleep duration, breastfeeding duration or overweight/obesity.ConclusionSome factors had a protective, others an adverse effect on development of children under 6 years of age. The effect of SES and sex increased, while the effect of gestational age decreased with age.Trial registration numberNCT02550236.

Dataset Information

Overall and Sex-Specific Associations Between Fetal Adversity and Child Development at Age 1 Year: Evidence From Brazil.

Publications

Overall and Sex-Specific Associations Between Fetal Adversity and Child Development at Age 1 Year: Evidence From Brazil.

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