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Regulatory Efficacy of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae Spirulina platensis on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet Rats.

ABSTRACT: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array detector and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the major fatty acids in Spirulina platensis 95% ethanol extract (SPL95). The effects of SPL95 on hepatoprotection were evaluated, including liver tissue histopathology, liver, and serum biochemical analysis. The active principle of SPL95 revealed a hypolipidemic effect, as indicated by down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, acetyl CoA carboxylase pathway, and upregulating adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-? in liver. SPL95 enriched the beneficial bacteria, including Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Porphyromonadaceae, Barnesiella, and Paraprevotella. Treatment with SPL95 led to a decrease in microbes, such as Turicibacter, Romboutsia, Phascolarctobacterium, Olsenella, and Clostridium XVIII, which were positively correlated with serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but negatively correlated with the serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These results provide evidence that the fatty acid from SPL95 may be used as a novel adjuvant therapy and functional food to regulate gut microbiota in obese and diabetic individuals.

SUBMITTER: Li TT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6213792 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:PurposeTo investigate the effects of endurance training on the content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their distribution among lipid classes in skeletal muscle in middle aged, high-fat diet fed rats.MethodThirty 10-month old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to four groups. Two groups of rats remained sedentary and were fed chow diet (C group), or high-fat diet (H group), respectively. The other two groups of rats were subjected to endurance training while maintaining their chow diet (EC group), or high-fat diet (EH group). After 16 weeks endurance training and/or diet intervention, the content of ω-3 PUFAs and ω-3 PUFA-containing lipids in rat soleus muscle were analyzed by lipidomics.ResultsRats fed a high-fat diet exhibited decreased overall amount of ω-3 PUFAs in soleus muscle, while endurance training preserved the total amount of ω-3 PUFAs. Both the endurance training and high-fat diet alone changed the profiles of ω-3 PUFAs in different lipid classes. Specifically, the amount of triacylglycerol (TG), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) containing ω-3 PUFAs in soleus muscle was increased by endurance training, but the amount of lysophosphatidylenthanol (LPE), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) was decreased. The high-fat diet induced a decrease of ω-3 PUFAs in TG, LPE, LPS, CL, platelet activating factor (PAF), PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS), and an increase in LPC, LPI, PA, and PG. In addition, the effects of the endurance training on ω-3 PUFAs in skeletal muscle was also evident in high-fat diets fed rats, which counteracts the profiling changes caused by high-fat diet feeding.ConclusionThe beneficial effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle may be achieved to some extent through recovering the content of ω-3 PUFAs that has been decreased by high-fat diet feeding.

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Regulatory Efficacy of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae Spirulina platensis on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet Rats.

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