Dataset Information

Topology, robustness, and structural controllability of the Brazilian Federal Police criminal intelligence network.

ABSTRACT: Law enforcement and intelligence agencies worldwide struggle to find effective ways to fight organized crime and reduce criminality. However, illegal networks operate outside the law and much of the data collected is classified. Therefore, little is known about the structure, topological weaknesses, and control of criminal networks. We fill this gap by presenting a unique criminal intelligence network built directly by the Brazilian Federal Police for intelligence and investigative purposes. We study its structure, its response to different attack strategies, and its structural controllability. Surprisingly, the network composed of individuals involved in multiple crimes of federal jurisdiction in Brazil has a giant component enclosing more than half of all its edges. We focus on the largest connected cluster of this network and show it has many social network features, such as small-worldness and heavy-tail degree distribution. However, it is less dense and less efficient than typical social networks. The giant component also shows a high degree cutoff that is associated with the lack of trust among individuals belonging to clandestine networks. The giant component of the network is also highly modular (Q=0.96) and thence fragile to module-based attacks. The targets in such attacks, i.e. the nodes connecting distinct communities, may be interpreted as individuals with bridging clandestine activities such as accountants, lawyers, or money changers. The network can be disrupted by the removal of approximately 2% of either its nodes or edges, the negligible difference between both approaches being due to low graph density. Finally, we show that 20% of driver nodes can control dynamic variables acting on the whole network, suggesting that non-repressive strategies such as access to basic education or sanitation can be effective in reducing criminality by changing the perception of driver individuals to norm compliance.

SUBMITTER: da Cunha BR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6214327 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Topology, robustness, and structural controllability of the Brazilian Federal Police criminal intelligence network.

da Cunha Bruno Requião BR Gonçalves Sebastián S

Applied network science 20180824 1

Law enforcement and intelligence agencies worldwide struggle to find effective ways to fight organized crime and reduce criminality. However, illegal networks operate outside the law and much of the data collected is classified. Therefore, little is known about the structure, topological weaknesses, and control of criminal networks. We fill this gap by presenting a unique criminal intelligence network built directly by the Brazilian Federal Police for intelligence and investigative purposes. We ...[more]

PMID: 30839817

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Project description:Brain tumor research has been stapled for human health while brain network research is crucial for us to understand brain activity. Here the structural controllability theory is applied to study three human brain-specific gene regulatory networks, including forebrain gene regulatory network, hindbrain gene regulatory network and neuron associated cells cancer related gene regulatory network, whose nodes are neural genes and the edges represent the gene expression regulation among the genes. The nodes are classified into two classes: critical nodes and ordinary nodes, based on the change of the number of driver nodes upon its removal. Eight topological properties (out-degree DO, in-degree DI, degree D, betweenness B, closeness CA, in-closeness CI, out-closeness CO and clustering coefficient CC) are calculated in this paper and the results prove that the critical genes have higher score of topological properties than the ordinary genes. Then two bioinformatic analysis are used to explore the biologic significance of the critical genes. On the one hand, the enrichment scores in several kinds of gene databases are calculated and reveal that the critical nodes are richer in essential genes, cancer genes and the neuron related disease genes than the ordinary nodes, which indicates that the critical nodes may be the biomarker in brain-specific gene regulatory network. On the other hand, GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis are applied on them and the results show that the critical genes mainly take part in 14 KEGG pathways that are transcriptional misregulation in cancer, pathways in cancer and so on, which indicates that the critical genes are related to the brain tumor. Finally, by deleting the edges or routines in the network, the robustness analysis of node classification is realized, and the robustness of node classification is proved. The comparison of neuron associated cells cancer related GRN (Gene Regulatory Network) and normal brain-specific GRNs (including forebrain and hindbrain GRN) shows that the neuron-related cell cancer-related gene regulatory network is more robust than other types.

Dataset Information

Topology, robustness, and structural controllability of the Brazilian Federal Police criminal intelligence network.

Publications

Topology, robustness, and structural controllability of the Brazilian Federal Police criminal intelligence network.

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