Dataset Information

Relationship between socioeconomic status and weight gain during infancy: The BeeBOFT study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Increased weight gain during infancy is a risk factor for obesity and related diseases in later life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and weight gain during infancy, and to identify the factors mediating the association between SES and infant weight gain.

Methods

Subjects were 2513 parent-child dyads participating in a cluster randomized controlled intervention study. Family SES was indexed by maternal education level. Weight gain in different time windows (infant age 0-3, 0-6, and 6-12 months) was calculated by subtracting the weight for age z-score (WAZ) between the two time-points. Path analysis was performed to examine the mediating pathways linking SES and infant weight gain.

Results

On average, infants of low-educated mothers had a lower birth weight and caught-up at approximately 6 months. In the period of 0-6 months, infants with low-educated mothers had an 0.42 (95% CI 0.27-0.57) higher gain in weight for age z-score compared to children with high-educated mothers. The association between maternal education level and increased infant weight gain in the period of 0-6 months can be explained by infant birth weight, gestational age at child birth, duration of breastfeeding, and age at introduction of complementary foods. After adjusting all the mediating factors, there was no association between maternal education level and infant weight gain.

Conclusion

Infants with lower SES had an increased weight gain during the first 6 months of infancy, and the effect can be explained by infant birth weight, gestational age at child birth, and infant feeding practices.

SUBMITTER: Wang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6214496 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Relationship between socioeconomic status and weight gain during infancy: The BeeBOFT study.

Wang Lu L van Grieken Amy A Yang-Huang Junwen J Vlasblom Eline E L'Hoir Monique P MP Boere-Boonekamp Magda M MM Raat Hein H

PloS one 20181102 11

<h4>Background</h4>Increased weight gain during infancy is a risk factor for obesity and related diseases in later life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and weight gain during infancy, and to identify the factors mediating the association between SES and infant weight gain.<h4>Methods</h4>Subjects were 2513 parent-child dyads participating in a cluster randomized controlled intervention study. Family SES was indexed by maternal e ...[more]

PMID: 30388128

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Project description:BackgroundRapid infant weight gain (RIWG) is a very strong predictor of childhood overweight and obesity (COO). Socioeconomic position (SEP) is also related to the risk of COO and parents of different SEP may differ in their reaction to accelerated infant weight gain. Together this could lead to differences in how weight gain and COO risk relate across SEP. This study aimed to analyse possible interaction of SEP and RIWG on COO risk.MethodsA register-based longitudinal cohort study followed 19,894 healthy, term infants, born in Denmark between December 2011 and May 2015. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) of COO risk at 2 years (22-26 months) of age with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for categories of infancy weight gain based on changes in weight-for-age z-scores between 0 and 8-10 months of age (slow (<- 0.67), mean (- 0.67-0.67), rapid (> 0.67-1.34) and very rapid (> 1.34)). Possible multiplicative and additive interaction of SEP (based on household income and maternal education) on the relationship between infancy weight gain and COO were analysed.ResultsIn total, 19.1 and 15.1% experienced rapid or very rapid weight gain, respectively, and 1497 (7.5%) children were classified with COO at follow-up. These prevalences were higher in those with lower levels of SEP. Adjusted OR for COO were 3.09 (95% CI [2.66-3.59]) and 7.58 (95% CI [6.51-8.83]) for rapid and very rapid weight gain, respectively, when household income was included in the model. Results were similar in the model including maternal education. No signs of interactions were detected on a multiplicative scale. Weak signs of additive interaction were present, but these values did not reach significance.ConclusionBoth rapid and very rapid weight gain were associated with substantially higher risks of COO but these associations were not modified by SEP. This indicates that promotion of healthy weight gain should take place in all population groups irrespective of their SEP.

Project description:Background:Excessive gestational weight gain and rapid infancy weight gain (RIWG) are associated with increased susceptibility to childhood obesity. Since low-income and minority children are particularly at risk, investigation of the associations between gestational weight gain and rate of infancy weight gain may inform childhood obesity prevention. This study investigated the associations between gestational weight gain and rate of infancy weight gain during the first four to six months postpartum in participants from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Hawai'i and Puerto Rico. Methods:This was a cross-sectional secondary data analysis from a text message-based intervention in WIC participants in Hawai'i and Puerto Rico. The analysis included 80 mother/infant pairs from the control group who completed the follow-up visit when infants were four to six months old. Maternal weight, height, and gestational weight gain were self-reported. Infant weight was measured at baseline and follow-up. A proportional odds model was used to investigate the association between gestational weight gain and infancy weight gain rate (rapid or extremely rapid, on-track, or slow), adjusting for maternal age, pregravid body mass index (BMI) status, parity, and being up-to-date with infant vaccinations. Results:In comparison to recommended gestational weight gain, excessive and inadequate (under the recommended amount) gestational weight gain was associated with 77% decreased (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]?=?0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?0.08, 0.70; p?=?0.01) and 71% decreased (AOR?=?0.29; 95% CI?=?0.09, 0.94; p?=?0.04) odds of RIWG versus on-track or slow infant weight gain, respectively. In comparison to women with one child, women with two children (AOR?=?0.31; 95% CI?=?0.11, 0.87; p?=?0.03) or three or four children (AOR?=?0.24; 95% CI?=?0.07, 0.88; p?=?0.03) had significantly lower odds of RIWG versus on-track or slow infancy weight gain. Conclusions:Women with excessive or inadequate gestational weight gain had lower proportional odds of RIWG and were more likely to have slower infant weight gain than women who gained the recommended amount of weight. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier; NCT02903186; September 16, 2016.

Project description:Rapid weight gain in infancy increases the risk of developing obesity early in life and contributes significantly to racial and ethnic disparities in childhood obesity. While maternal perceived stress is associated with childhood obesity, little is known about the impact it has on infant weight gain. Therefore, this study explores the impact of maternal perceived stress on change in weight-for-length (WFL) z-scores and the risk of rapid weight gain in infancy. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the longitudinal Nurture birth cohort (n = 666). Most mothers in the cohort were non-Hispanic/Latinx Black (71.6%). About one-half of mothers had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 prior to pregnancy, were unemployed, and had a low income. Most infants in the cohort were born full-term and were of normal weight. Data were collected at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months postpartum. At each assessment, mothers completed the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and research assistants weighed and measured each infant. Tertiles were used to compare mothers with high and low perceived stress. A mixed model analysis of repeated measures assessed the associations between baseline perceived stress and the change in infant WFL z-scores over time. Log-binomial models assessed the association between baseline perceived stress and rapid weight gain, defined as a change in WFL z-score > 0.67 standard deviations from three to twelve months. Just under one-half of the infants (47%) experienced rapid weight gain between three and twelve months of age. Birthweight for gestational age (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08-1.29, p-value = 0.004), gestational age at birth (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.14, p-value = 0.031), and weeks breastfed (0.99, 95% CI 0.99-1.00, p-value 0.044) were associated with risk of rapid weight gain in unadjusted analyses. WFL z-scores increased significantly over time, with no effect of perceived stress on change in WFL z-score or risk of rapid weight gain. Rapid weight gain in infancy was prevalent in this sample of predominately Black infants in the Southeastern US. We did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that maternal perceived stress influenced the risk of rapid weight gain. More work is needed to identify and assess the risk factors for rapid weight gain in infancy and to understand the role that maternal stress plays in the risk of childhood obesity so that prevention efforts can be targeted.

Project description:ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the association between adolescent socioeconomic status (father's education and adolescent subjective socioeconomic status) and adult quality of life and the mediation roles of adult socioeconomic status, social capital and lifestyle (physical activity and exposure to smoke) among the "Tehran University of Medical Sciences Employees Cohort (TEC) Study" participants.MethodData of 4455 participants were derived from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences Employees Cohort (TEC) Study. In this study, the World Health Organization quality of life-BREF, the World Bank's Integrated and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using SPSS Amos 24.0 program.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 42.31 years (SD: 8.37) and most of the subjects were female (60.7%). Correlation analysis results revealed that, quality of life had a significant and positive association with adolescent subjective socioeconomic status (r = 0.169, p < 0.01) and father's education (r = 0.091, p < 0.01). A mediation model testing the direct relationship between adolescent socioeconomic status and adult socioeconomic status and quality of life, showed a positive relationship between adolescent subjective socioeconomic status (β = 0.229, p < 0.001) and father's education (β = 0.443, p < 0.001) with adult socioeconomic status. Adult socioeconomic status was positively related to quality of life (β = 0.205, p < 0.001). Adult socioeconomic status mediated the relationship between adolescent subjective socioeconomic status (β = 0.047, p < 0.01) and father's education (β = 0.091, p < 0.01) with quality of life. While adult socioeconomic status fully mediated the relationship between the father's education and quality of life, it partially mediated the adolescent subjective socioeconomic status-quality of life association. Other variables such as social capital and lifestyle did not have mediator role in a mediation model.ConclusionThis study provides the evidence for the role of adult socioeconomic status as a partial mediator between adolescent subjective socioeconomic status and quality of life. Therefore, there are several unknown mediators other than adult socioeconomic status that need to be explored in future studies.

Project description:Although increasing research focuses on the phenomenon of body weight gain in women after menopause, the complexity of body weight regulation and the array of models used to investigate it has proven to be challenging. Here, we used ovariectomized (OVX) rats, which rapidly gain weight, to determine if receptors for ghrelin, insulin, or leptin in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), arcuate nucleus (ARC), or paraventricular nucleus (PVN) change during post-ovariectomy weight gain. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with ad libitum access to standard laboratory chow were bilaterally OVX or sham OVX. Subgroups were weighed and then terminated on day 5, 33, or 54 post-operatively; blood and brains were collected. ELISA kits were used to measure receptors for ghrelin, insulin, and leptin in the DVC, ARC, and PVN, as well as plasma ghrelin, insulin, and leptin. As expected, body weight increased rapidly after ovariectomy. However, ghrelin receptors did not change in any of the areas for either group, nor did circulating ghrelin. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated comparable ghrelin signaling in these CNS areas for both groups. Insulin receptors in the DVC and PVN decreased in the OVX group over time, increased in the PVN of the Sham group, and were unchanged in the ARC. These changes were accompanied by elevated circulating insulin in the OVX group. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated reduced insulin signaling in the DVC and PVN of OVX rats. Leptin receptors were unchanged in the DVC and ARC, but increased over time in the PVN of the Sham group. These changes were accompanied by elevated circulating leptin in both groups that was more pronounced in the OVX group. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated reduced leptin signaling in the DVC and PVN of both groups, but only in the OVX group for the ARC. Together, these data suggest that weight gain that occurs after removal of ovarian hormones by ovariectomy is associated with selective changes in metabolic hormone signaling in the CNS. While these changes may reflect behavioral or physiological alterations, it remains to be determined whether they cause post-ovariectomy weight gain or result from it.

Dataset Information

Relationship between socioeconomic status and weight gain during infancy: The BeeBOFT study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Relationship between socioeconomic status and weight gain during infancy: The BeeBOFT study.

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