Dataset Information

Modulation of early maize seedling performance via priming under sub-optimal temperatures.

ABSTRACT: Seeds planted in early spring frequently experience low temperature stress in the soil during germination and early plant growth. Seed pretreatments such as priming have been shown to ameliorate the negative effects of cold soil in some crops. However, the potential beneficial effects of priming have not been widely investigated for Zea mays (maize). To investigate seed priming effects, 24 diverse maize inbred lines were primed using a synthetic solid matrix, Micro-Cel E, and then exposed to 10°C soil conditions. Six DSLR cameras captured time lapsed images of emerging seedlings. Manual scoring was used to determine treatment effects on three seedling emergence metrics. Chilling substantially reduced total emergence for two of 24 genotypes evaluated. For these genotypes, priming provided protection allowing nearly full emergence. Priming significantly reduced mean emergence time and increased the emergence uniformity of chilling sensitive genotypes. The results suggest that the cold sensitive genotypes may benefit from priming pretreatment. Kernel density, weight, oil, protein, and starch traits, as determined by single-kernel near infrared spectroscopy, were not correlated with seedling emergence traits supporting a conclusion that early seedling performance cannot be determined from these maize kernel characteristics.

SUBMITTER: Hacisalihoglu G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6218074 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modulation of early maize seedling performance via priming under sub-optimal temperatures.

Hacisalihoglu Gokhan G Kantanka Sarfo S Miller Nathan N Gustin Jeffery L JL Settles A Mark AM

PloS one 20181105 11

Seeds planted in early spring frequently experience low temperature stress in the soil during germination and early plant growth. Seed pretreatments such as priming have been shown to ameliorate the negative effects of cold soil in some crops. However, the potential beneficial effects of priming have not been widely investigated for Zea mays (maize). To investigate seed priming effects, 24 diverse maize inbred lines were primed using a synthetic solid matrix, Micro-Cel E, and then exposed to 10° ...[more]

PMID: 30395595

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Project description:BackgroundMaize (Zea mays) is a C4 tropical cereal and its adaptation to temperate climates can be problematic due to low soil temperatures at early stages of establishment.MethodsIn the current study we have firstly investigated the physiological response of twelve maize varieties, from a chilling condition adapted gene pool, to sub-optimal growth temperature during seedling emergence. To identify transcriptomic markers of cold tolerance in already adapted maize genotypes, temperature conditions were set below the optimal growth range in both control and low temperature groups. The conditions were as follows; control (18 °C for 16 h and 12 °C for 8 h) and low temperature (12 °C for 16 h and 6 °C for 8 h). Four genotypes were identified from the condition adapted gene pool with significant contrasting chilling tolerance.ResultsPicker and PR39B29 were the more cold-tolerant lines and Fergus and Codisco were the less cold-tolerant lines. These four varieties were subjected to microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed genes under chilling conditions. Exposure to low temperature during establishment in the maize varieties Picker, PR39B29, Fergus and Codisco, was reflected at the transcriptomic level in the varieties Picker and PR39B29. No significant changes in expression were observed in Fergus and Codisco following chilling stress. A total number of 64 genes were differentially expressed in the two chilling tolerant varieties. These two varieties exhibited contrasting transcriptomic profiles, in which only four genes overlapped.DiscussionWe observed that maize varieties possessing an enhanced root growth ratio under low temperature were more tolerant, which could be an early and inexpensive measure for germplasm screening under controlled conditions. We have identified novel cold inducible genes in an already adapted maize breeding gene pool. This illustrates that further varietal selection for enhanced chilling tolerance is possible in an already preselected gene pool.

Project description:The bacterial cell envelope is the frontier line of the adaptational defense that protects cells against environmental and intrinsic stressors to maintain homeostasis. Deciphering the molecular pathways involved in envelope biology is of high importance for both fundamental sciences and translational applications. Peptidoglycan (PG) is one of the main structural components of bacterial cell envelopes. It protects bacteria against mechanical and osmotic stress, confers cell shape and physical integrity. In a previous study, we identified that the Escherichia coli ElyC protein containing a highly conserved domain of an unknown function is required for envelope integrity at low temperature. ElyC was shown to be essential for PG assembly at room temperature (21°C) and to be involved in the metabolism of the lipid carrier necessary for the membrane step of the biosynthesis pathways for PG and other bacterial envelope polysaccharides. PG assembly was completely blocked in ElyC-defective cells grown at 21°C, leading to a terminal phenotype of cell lysis. The physiological importance of ElyC in bacterial cells grown at the physiological temperature of 37°C had not yet been investigated. To study this, we performed phenotypic characterization and transcriptomic profiling of ElyC-defective E. coli cells were grown at 37°C and 21°C, compared to wild-type cells. Even if ∆elyC mutant cells grow as well as wild-type cells at 37°C, microscopic analysis revealed that cellular morphology is altered by the lack of ElyC at this temperature. PG quantification and analysis confirmed that PG biosynthesis is significantly inhibited in the absence of ElyC at 37°C. We further have shown that ∆elyC mutant cells are more sensitive to PG-targeting β-lactam antibiotics than wild-type cells at 37°C. The RNA-Seq transcriptomic study showed that elimination of the ElyC evokes a highly defective cellular envelope when elyC mutant grows at 21°C, whereas at 37°C, the absence of ElyC leads to a moderate cellular response. While the PG defect of cells inactivated for ElyC is lethal at 21°C, ElyC-defective cells maintain enough PG integrity to grow and survive at 37°C. However, those cells are morphologically defective, are coping with envelope stress and are more sensitive to PG-targeting antibiotics. Overall, our data support a crucial role for ElyC in the metabolic flux for the PG biosynthesis pathway at optimal and suboptimal temperatures.

Project description:Low soil fertility is one of the factors most limiting agricultural production, with phosphorus deficiency being among the main factors, particularly in developing countries. To deal with such environmental constraints, remote sensing measurements can be used to rapidly assess crop performance and to phenotype a large number of plots in a rapid and cost-effective way. We evaluated the performance of a set of remote sensing indices derived from Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images and multispectral (visible and infrared) data as phenotypic traits and crop monitoring tools for early assessment of maize performance under phosphorus fertilization. Thus, a set of 26 maize hybrids grown under field conditions in Zimbabwe was assayed under contrasting phosphorus fertilization conditions. Remote sensing measurements were conducted in seedlings at two different levels: at the ground and from an aerial platform. Within a particular phosphorus level, some of the RGB indices strongly correlated with grain yield. In general, RGB indices assessed at both ground and aerial levels correlated in a comparable way with grain yield except for indices a* and u*, which correlated better when assessed at the aerial level than at ground level and Greener Area (GGA) which had the opposite correlation. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) evaluated at ground level with an active sensor also correlated better with grain yield than the NDVI derived from the multispectral camera mounted in the aerial platform. Other multispectral indices like the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) performed very similarly to NDVI assessed at the aerial level but overall, they correlated in a weaker manner with grain yield than the best RGB indices. This study clearly illustrates the advantage of RGB-derived indices over the more costly and time-consuming multispectral indices. Moreover, the indices best correlated with GY were in general those best correlated with leaf phosphorous content. However, these correlations were clearly weaker than against grain yield and only under low phosphorous conditions. This work reinforces the effectiveness of canopy remote sensing for plant phenotyping and crop management of maize under different phosphorus nutrient conditions and suggests that the RGB indices are the best option.

Dataset Information

Modulation of early maize seedling performance via priming under sub-optimal temperatures.

Publications

Modulation of early maize seedling performance via priming under sub-optimal temperatures.

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