From genes to treatments: a systematic review of the pharmacogenetics in smoking cessation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Salloum NC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6219447 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
From genes to treatments: a systematic review of the pharmacogenetics in smoking cessation.
Salloum Naji C NC Buchalter Erica L F ELF Chanani Swati S Espejo Gemma G Ismail Mahjabeen S MS Laine Randy O RO Nageeb Maysaa M Srivastava A Benjamin AB Trapp Nicholas N Trillo Ludwig L Vance Erica E Wenzinger Michael M Hartz Sarah M SM David Sean P SP Chen Li-Shiun LS
Pharmacogenomics 20180619 10
Smoking cessation treatment outcomes may be heavily influenced by genetic variations among smokers. Therefore, identifying specific variants that affect response to different pharmacotherapies is of major interest to the field. In the current study, we systematically review all studies published in or after the year 1990 which examined one or more gene-drug interactions for smoking cessation treatment. Out of 644 citations, 46 articles met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. We sum ...[more]
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Project description:Cigarette smoking is highly addictive and modern genetic research has identified robust genetic influences on nicotine dependence. An important step in translating these genetic findings to clinical practice is identifying the genetic factors affecting smoking cessation in order to enhance current smoking cessation treatments. We reviewed the significant genetic variants that predict nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, and response to cessation pharmacotherapy. These data suggest that genetic risks can predict smoking cessation outcomes and moderate the effect of pharmacological treatments. Some pharmacogenetic findings have been replicated in meta-analyses or in multiple smoking cessation trials. The variation in efficacy between smokers with different genetic markers supports the notion that personalized smoking cessation intervention based upon genotype could maximize the efficiency of such treatment while minimizing side effects, thus influencing the number needed to treat (NNT) and the number needed to harm. In summary, as precision medicine is revolutionizing healthcare, smoking cessation may be one of the first areas where genetic variants may identify individuals at increased risk. Current evidence strongly suggests that genetic variants predict cessation failure and that cessation pharmacotherapy effectiveness is modulated by biomarkers such as nicotinic cholinergic receptor ?5 subunit (CHRNA5) genotypes or nicotine metabolism ratio (NMR). These findings strengthen the case for the development and rigorous testing of treatments that target patients with different biological risk profiles.
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