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Hyperglycemia in the Posttransplant Period: NODAT vs Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus.

ABSTRACT: Objective:To characterize the types of hyperglycemia that occur up to 1 year following liver transplant and to clarify the nomenclature for posttransplant hyperglycemia. Design:We analyzed 1-year glycemic follow-up data in 164 patients who underwent liver transplant and who had been enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing moderate to intensive insulin therapy to determine if patients had preexisting known diabetes, transient hyperglycemia, persistent hyperglycemia, or new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). Results:Of 119 patients with posttransplant hyperglycemia following hospital discharge, 49 had preexisting diabetes, 5 had insufficient data for analysis, 48 had transient hyperglycemia (16 resolved within 30 days and 32 resolved between 30 days and 1 year), 13 remained persistently hyperglycemic out to 1 year and most likely had preexisting diabetes that had not been diagnosed or insulin resistance/insulinopenia prior to transplant, and 4 had NODAT (i.e., patients with transient hyperglycemia after transplant that resolved but then later truly developed sustained hyperglycemia, meeting criteria for diabetes). Conclusions:Distinct categories of patients with hyperglycemia following organ transplant include known preexisting diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia (most likely unknown preexisting diabetes or insulin resistance/insulinopenia), transient hyperglycemia, and NODAT. Those with preexisting diabetes for many years prior to transplant may well have very different long-term outcomes compared with those with true NODAT. Therefore, it would be prudent to classify patients more carefully. Long-term outcome studies are needed to determine if patients with true NODAT have the same poor prognosis as patients with preexisting diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed) undergoing transplant.

SUBMITTER: Gupta S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6223248 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hyperglycemia in the Posttransplant Period: NODAT vs Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus.

Gupta Suruchi S Pollack Teresa T Fulkerson Candice C Schmidt Kathleen K Oakes Diana Johnson DJ Molitch Mark E ME Wallia Amisha A

Journal of the Endocrine Society 20181015 11

<h4>Objective</h4>To characterize the types of hyperglycemia that occur up to 1 year following liver transplant and to clarify the nomenclature for posttransplant hyperglycemia.<h4>Design</h4>We analyzed 1-year glycemic follow-up data in 164 patients who underwent liver transplant and who had been enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing moderate to intensive insulin therapy to determine if patients had preexisting known diabetes, transient hyperglycemia, persistent hyperglycemia, or ...[more]

PMID: 30430145

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Project description:Rationale & objectivePosttransplant diabetes mellitus (DM) after kidney transplantation increases morbidity and mortality, particularly in older and obese recipients. We aimed to examine the impact of immunosuppression selection on the risk of posttransplant DM among both older and obese kidney transplant recipients.Study designRetrospective database study.Setting & participantsKidney-only transplant recipients aged ≥18 years from 2005 to 2016 in the United States from US Renal Data System records, which integrate Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing records with Medicare billing claims.ExposuresVarious immunosuppression regimens in the first 3 months after transplant.OutcomesDevelopment of DM >3 months-to-1 year posttransplant.Analytical approachWe used multivariable Cox regression to compare the incidence of posttransplant DM by immunosuppression regimen with the reference regimen of thymoglobulin (TMG) or alemtuzumab (ALEM) with tacrolimus + mycophenolic acid + prednisone using inverse propensity weighting.Results12.7% of kidney transplant recipients developed posttransplant DM with higher incidences in older (≥55 years vs <55 years: 16.7% vs 10.1%) and obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2 vs BMI < 30 kg/m2: 17.1% vs 10.9%) patients. The incidence of posttransplant DM was lower with steroid avoidance [TMG/ALEM + no prednisone (8.4%) and IL2rAb + no prednisone (9.7%)] than TMG/ALEM with triple therapy (13.1%). After adjustment for donor and recipient characteristics, TMG/ALEM with steroid avoidance was beneficial for all groups [age < 55 years: adjusted HR (aHR), 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.72); age ≥ 55 years: aHR, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.60-0.79); BMI < 30 kg/m2: aHR, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.60-0.78); BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2: aHR, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.57-0.79)]. However, IL2rAb with steroid avoidance was beneficial only for older patients (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.99) and for those with BMI < 30 kg/m2 (aHR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.87).LimitationsRetrospective study and lacked data on immunosuppression levels.ConclusionsThe beneficial impact of steroid avoidance using tacrolimus on posttransplant DM appears to differ by patient age and induction regimen.

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Hyperglycemia in the Posttransplant Period: NODAT vs Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus.

Publications

Hyperglycemia in the Posttransplant Period: NODAT vs Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus.

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