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Research on the mechanical behaviour of shale based on multiscale analysis.

ABSTRACT: In view of the difficulty in obtaining the mechanical properties of shale, the multiscale analysis of shale was performed on a shale outcrop from the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Changning area, Sichuan Basin, China. The nano-/micro-indentation test is an effective method for multiscale mechanical analysis. In this paper, effective criteria for the shale indentation test were evaluated. The elastic modulus was evaluated at a multiscale and the engineering validation of drilling cuttings was performed. The porosity tests showed that the pore distribution of shale from the nanoscale to macro-pore could be better displayed by the nuclear magnetic resonance test. The micro-scale elastic modulus and hardness increased nonlinearly with the increase in the clay packing density. It was observed that the size effect of the micro-hardness was based on porosity and composition. The partial spalling of shale at the micro-scale could lead to irregular bulges or steps in a load-displacement curve. The elastic modulus of pure clay minerals was 24.2 GPa on the parallel bedding plane and 15.8 GPa on the vertical bedding plane. The contact hardness (pure clay minerals) was 0.51 GPa. The indentation results showed that the micro-elastic modulus of shale obeyed the normal distribution, and the statistical average could predict the macro-mechanical properties effectively. The present work can provide a new way to recognize the mechanical behaviour of shale.

SUBMITTER: Han Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6227931 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Research on the mechanical behaviour of shale based on multiscale analysis.

Han Qiang Q Qu Zhan Z Ye Zhengyin Z

Royal Society open science 20181024 10

In view of the difficulty in obtaining the mechanical properties of shale, the multiscale analysis of shale was performed on a shale outcrop from the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Changning area, Sichuan Basin, China. The nano-/micro-indentation test is an effective method for multiscale mechanical analysis. In this paper, effective criteria for the shale indentation test were evaluated. The elastic modulus was evaluated at a multiscale and the engineering validation of drilling cuttings wa ...[more]

PMID: 30473848

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Project description:Collective behaviour is of fundamental importance in the life sciences, where it appears at levels of biological complexity from single cells to superorganisms, in demography and the social sciences, where it describes the behaviour of populations, and in the physical and engineering sciences, where it describes physical phenomena and can be used to design distributed systems. Reasoning about collective behaviour is inherently difficult, as the non-linear interactions between individuals give rise to complex emergent dynamics. Mathematical techniques have been developed to analyse systematically collective behaviour in such systems, yet these frequently require extensive formal training and technical ability to apply. Even for those with the requisite training and ability, analysis using these techniques can be laborious, time-consuming and error-prone. Together these difficulties raise a barrier-to-entry for practitioners wishing to analyse models of collective behaviour. However, rigorous modelling of collective behaviour is required to make progress in understanding and applying it. Here we present an accessible tool which aims to automate the process of modelling and analysing collective behaviour, as far as possible. We focus our attention on the general class of systems described by reaction kinetics, involving interactions between components that change state as a result, as these are easily understood and extracted from data by natural, physical and social scientists, and correspond to algorithms for component-level controllers in engineering applications. By providing simple automated access to advanced mathematical techniques from statistical physics, nonlinear dynamical systems analysis, and computational simulation, we hope to advance standards in modelling collective behaviour. At the same time, by providing expert users with access to the results of automated analyses, sophisticated investigations that could take significant effort are substantially facilitated. Our tool can be accessed online without installing software, uses a simple programmatic interface, and provides interactive graphical plots for users to develop understanding of their models.

Dataset Information

Research on the mechanical behaviour of shale based on multiscale analysis.

Publications

Research on the mechanical behaviour of shale based on multiscale analysis.

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