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Influenza B viruses circulated during last 5 years in Mongolia.

ABSTRACT: Influenza B virus-caused illness has recently been considered as an urgent public health problem due to substantial morbidity, mortality and life-threatening medical complications. In this study, we have reported the main characteristics of influenza B virus in Mongolia, including prevalence, lineages, suitability with vaccine strains and drug susceptibility against the virus. 15768 specimens were tested by qPCR for detecting influenza viruses. From positive specimens for influenza B virus, the clinical isolates were isolated using MDCK cells. Sequencing analysis, hemagglutination inhibition assay and Neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) drug susceptibility testing were performed for the clinical isolates. Influenza B virus was around in 3.46% of the samples in Mongolia, and B/Victoria clade-1A and B/Yamagata clade-3 lineages were predominant. Importantly, it was confirmed that the lineages corresponded to the vaccine strains. Moreover, drug susceptibility tests revealed that some Mongolian clinical isolates showed reduced susceptibility to antiviral agents. Interestingly, G104R was identified as a novel mutation, which might have a significant role in drug resistance of the virus. These results describe the characteristics of influenza B viruses that have caused respiratory illness in the population of Mongolia between 2013 and 2017.

SUBMITTER: Tsedenbal N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6237300 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influenza B viruses circulated during last 5 years in Mongolia.

Tsedenbal Naranzul N Tsend-Ayush Altansukh A Badarch Darmaa D Jav Sarantuya S Pagbajab Nymadawa N

PloS one 20181115 11

Influenza B virus-caused illness has recently been considered as an urgent public health problem due to substantial morbidity, mortality and life-threatening medical complications. In this study, we have reported the main characteristics of influenza B virus in Mongolia, including prevalence, lineages, suitability with vaccine strains and drug susceptibility against the virus. 15768 specimens were tested by qPCR for detecting influenza viruses. From positive specimens for influenza B virus, the ...[more]

PMID: 30439983

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Project description:BackgroundInfluenza surveillance is necessary for detection of emerging variants of epidemiologic and clinical significance. This study describes the epidemiology of influenza types A and B, and molecular characteristics of surface glycoproteins (hemagglutinin [HA] and neuraminidase [NA]) of influenza A subtypes: pH1N1 and H3N2 circulated in Arabian Gulf, Levant and North Africa regions during 2009-2017.MethodsAnalysis of phylogenetics and evolution of HA and NA genes was done using full HA and NA sequences (n = 1229) downloaded from Influenza Research Database (IRD).ResultsIn total, 130,354 influenza positive cases were reported to WHO during study period. Of these, 50.8% were pH1N1 positive, 15.9% were H3N2 positives and 17.2% were influenza B positive. With few exceptions, all three regions were showing the typical seasonal influenza peak similar to that reported in Northern hemisphere (December-March). However, influenza activity started earlier (October) in both Gulf and North Africa while commenced later during November in Levant countries. The molecular analysis of the HA genes (influenza A subtypes) revealed similar mutations to those reported worldwide. Generally, amino acid substitutions were most frequently found in head domain in H1N1 pandemic viruses, while localized mainly in the stem region in H3N2 viruses. Expectedly, seasons with high pH1N1 influenza activity was associated with a relatively higher number of substitutions in the head domain of the HA in pH1N1 subtype. Furthermore, nucleotide variations were lower at the antigenic sites of pH1N1 viruses compared to H3N2 viruses, which experienced higher variability at the antigenic sites, reflecting the increased immunological pressure because of longer circulation and continuous vaccine changes. Analysis of NA gene of pH1N1 viruses revealed sporadic detections of oseltamivir-resistance mutation, H275Y, in 4% of reported sequences, however, none of NAI resistance mutations were found in the NA of H3N2 viruses.ConclusionsMolecular characterization of H1N1 and H3N2 viruses over 9 years revealed significant differences with regard to position and function of characterized substitutions. While pH1N1 virus substitutions were mainly found in HA head domain, H3N2 virus substitutions were mostly found in HA stem domain. Additionally, more fixed substitutions were encountered in H3N2 virus compared to larger number of non-fixed substitutions in pH1N1.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of H5N1 high pathogenicity (HP) avian influenza virus (AIV) in Asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in virus dissemination. In accordance with this a surveillance program for AIV in wild birds was conducted in Mongolia from 2005-2007. An important feature of Mongolia is that there is little domestic poultry production in the country, therefore AIV detection in wild birds would not likely be from spill-over from domestic poultry. RESULTS: During 2005-2007 2,139 specimens representing 4,077 individual birds of 45 species were tested for AIV by real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and/or virus isolation. Bird age and health status were recorded. Ninety rRT-PCR AIV positive samples representing 89 individual birds of 19 species including 9 low pathogenicity (LP) AIVs were isolated from 6 species. A Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus), a Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) and 2 Ruddy shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea) were positive for H12N3 LP AIV. H16N3 and H13N6 viruses were isolated from Black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus). A Red-crested pochard (Rhodonessa rufina) and 2 Mongolian gulls (Larus vagae mongolicus) were positive for H3N6 and H16N6 LP AIV, respectively. Full genomes of each virus isolate were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically and were most closely related to recent European and Asian wild bird lineage AIVs and individual genes loosely grouped by year. Reassortment occurred within and among different years and subtypes. CONCLUSION: Detection and/or isolation of AIV infection in numerous wild bird species, including 2 which have not been previously described as hosts, reinforces the wide host range of AIV within avian species. Reassortment complexity within the genomes indicate the introduction of new AIV strains into wild bird populations annually, however there is enough over-lap of infection for reassortment to occur. Further work is needed to clarify how AIV is maintained in these wild bird reservoirs.

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Influenza B viruses circulated during last 5 years in Mongolia.

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Influenza B viruses circulated during last 5 years in Mongolia.

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