Dataset Information

Tuberculosis among correctional facility workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Prison inmates can transmit tuberculosis, including drug-resistant strains, to correctional facility workers and the community. In this systematic literature review, we investigated the magnitude of active and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and associated risk factors among correctional facility workers.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases (January 1, 1989-December 31, 2017) for studies with the MeSH terms "prison" (and similar) AND "tuberculosis", without language restriction. We searched for gray literature in Google Scholar and conference proceedings. Stratified analyses according to tuberculosis burden were performed.

Results

Of the 974 titles identified, 15 (nine good, six fair quality) fulfilled the inclusion criteria (110,393 correctional facility workers; six countries; 82,668 active tuberculosis; 110,192 LTBI). Pooled LTBI prevalence and incidence rates were 26% (12-42, I2 = 99.0%) and 2% (1-3, I2 = 98.6%), respectively. LTBI prevalence reached 44% (12-79, I2 = 99.0%) in high-burden countries. Active tuberculosis was reported only in low-burden countries (incidence range, 0.61-450/10,000 correctional facility workers/year). LTBI-associated risk factors included job duration, older age, country of birth, current tobacco smoking, reported contact with prisoners, and BCG vaccination.

Conclusion

Despite the risk of bias and high heterogeneity, LTBI was found to be prevalent in correctional facility workers, mainly in high-burden countries. LTBI risk factors suggest both occupational and community exposure. Active tuberculosis occurrence in low-burden countries suggests higher vulnerability from recent infection among correctional facility workers in these countries. Systematic surveillance and infection control measures are necessary to protect these highly vulnerable workers.

SUBMITTER: Grenzel ML

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6237373 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Tuberculosis among correctional facility workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Grenzel Micheli Luize ML Grande Antonio José AJ Paniago Anamaria Mello Miranda AMM Pompilio Mauricio Antonio MA de Oliveira Sandra Maria do Valle Leone SMVL Trajman Anete A

PloS one 20181115 11

<h4>Introduction</h4>Prison inmates can transmit tuberculosis, including drug-resistant strains, to correctional facility workers and the community. In this systematic literature review, we investigated the magnitude of active and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and associated risk factors among correctional facility workers.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases (January 1, 1989-December 31, 2017) for studies ...[more]

PMID: 30440022

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Project description:BackgroundRates of suicide and self-harm are elevated in carceral institutions. Inmates are a vulnerable group since they are exposed to multiple risk factors. This paper critically reviews empirical research on programs to prevent suicidal and self-harmful behaviors in correctional facilities and summarizes effect sizes across studies.MethodsWe searched PsychINFO, PubMed, IEEEXPLORE and the CRISE Documentation Centre Database to identify relevant articles published before June 2022. Inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed and with outcome data on effectiveness of prevention activities. Two reviewers independently assessed 905 articles to determine inclusion eligibility. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Meta-analyses using random-effect models were used to pool effect sizes for each outcome. This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.FindingsTwenty-four of the 905 articles, published between 1980 and 2022, were included. Studies were frequently conducted in the United States (n=13; 54%) and used varying study designs; most frequently pre-post with no control group (n=9; 38%). Sample sizes and interventions varied considerably. Most were of moderate quality (n=21; 88%). On average, prevention programs in correctional facilities were effective in decreasing suicide deaths (pooled rate ratio of 0·35 [95% CI 0·23 to 0·55; p<0·001]; I2=68·01%), incidents of self-harm (pooled Hedges'g of -0·54 (95% CI: -1·03 to -0·05; p=0·031]; I2=81·34%), and suicidal ideation (pooled Hedges'g of -0·39 [95% CI: -0·65 to -0·14; p=0·003]; I2=47·09%).InterpretationPrevention activities are effective in reducing suicide death, self-harm and suicidal ideation in correctional settings. Multicomponent programs, which include several preventive activities, seem to be most effective in reducing suicide deaths. Future evaluation studies should control for confounding variables by including control groups, having larger samples and limiting attrition. Standards for suicide prevention in jails and prisons should be included in National suicide prevention strategies.FundingNone.

Project description:BackgroundTuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Twenty-two high burden countries contributed to the majority of worldwide tuberculosis cases in 2015. Health care workers are at high risk of acquiring tuberculosis through occupational exposure.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among health care workers in high burden countries.MethodsDatabases including MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (Ovid) and ISI Web of Science (Thompson-Reuters), and grey literature were searched for English language records on relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) terms of LTBI and health care providers. Literature was systematically reviewed using EPPI-Reviewer4 software. Prevalence and incidence of LTBI and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Pooled prevalence of LTBI and 95% CI were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis models and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Sub-group analysis was conducted to assess the cause of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 990 records were identified. Of those, 18 studies from only 7 high burden countries representing 10,078 subjects were included. Tuberculin skin test results were available for 9,545 participants. The pooled prevalence of LTBI was 47% (95% CI 34% to 60%, I2 = 99.6%). In subgroup analyses according to the country of the study, the pooled prevalence of LTBI was lowest in Brazil (37%) and highest in South Africa (64%). The pooled prevalence of LTBI among medical and nursing students was 26% (95% CI 6% to 46%, I2 = 99.3%) while the prevalence among all types of health care workers was 57% (95% CI 44% to 70%, I2 = 99.1%). Incidence of LTBI was available for health care workers in four countries. The cumulative incidence ranged from 2.8% in Brazilian medical students to 38% among all types of health care workers in South Africa.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that there is a high burden of LTBI among health care workers in high burden countries. Adequate infection control measures are warranted to prevent and control transmission in health care settings.

Dataset Information

Tuberculosis among correctional facility workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Tuberculosis among correctional facility workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Similar Datasets

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