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Raman spectra of the GFP-like fluorescent proteins.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to elucidate optical characteristics of the chromophore structures of fluorescent proteins. Raman spectra of commonly used GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs) with diverse emission wavelengths (green, yellow, cyan and red), including the enhanced homogenous FPs EGFP, EYFP, and ECFP (from jellyfish) as well as mNeptune (from sea anemone) were measured. High-quality Raman spectra were obtained and many marker bands for the chromophore of the FPs were identified via assignment of Raman spectra bands. We report the presence of a positive linear correlation between the Raman band shift of C5=C6 and the excitation energy of FPs, demonstrated by plotting absorption maxima (cm-1) against the position of the Raman band C5=C6 in EGFP, ECFP, EYFP, the anionic chromophore and the neutral chromophore. This study revealed new Raman features in the chromophores of the observed FPs, and may contribute to a deeper understanding of the optical properties of FPs.

SUBMITTER: Yuan Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6245236 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Raman spectra of the GFP-like fluorescent proteins.

Yuan Ye Y Wang Dianbing D Zhang Jibin J Liu Ji J Chen Jian J Zhang Xian-En XE

Biophysics reports 20181102 5

The objective of the study was to elucidate optical characteristics of the chromophore structures of fluorescent proteins. Raman spectra of commonly used GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs) with diverse emission wavelengths (green, yellow, cyan and red), including the enhanced homogenous FPs EGFP, EYFP, and ECFP (from jellyfish) as well as mNeptune (from sea anemone) were measured. High-quality Raman spectra were obtained and many marker bands for the chromophore of the FPs were identified via a ...[more]

PMID: 30533491

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Project description:BackgroundFluorescence imaging at high spectral resolution allows the simultaneous recording of multiple fluorophores without switching optical filters, which is especially useful for time-lapse analysis of living cells. The collected emission spectra can be used to distinguish fluorophores by a computation analysis called linear unmixing. The availability of accurate reference spectra for different fluorophores is crucial for this type of analysis. The reference spectra used by plant cell biologists are in most cases derived from the analysis of fluorescent proteins in solution or produced in animal cells, although these spectra are influenced by both the cellular environment and the components of the optical system. For instance, plant cells contain various autofluorescent compounds, such as cell wall polymers and chlorophyll, that affect the spectral detection of some fluorophores. Therefore, it is important to acquire both reference and experimental spectra under the same biological conditions and through the same imaging systems.ResultsEntry clones (pENTR) of fluorescent proteins (FPs) were constructed in order to create C- or N-terminal protein fusions with the MultiSite Gateway recombination technology. The emission spectra for eight FPs, fused C-terminally to the A- or B-type cyclin dependent kinases (CDKA;1 and CDKB1;1) and transiently expressed in epidermal cells of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), were determined by using the Olympus FluoView™ FV1000 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. These experimental spectra were then used in unmixing experiments in order to separate the emission of fluorophores with overlapping spectral properties in living plant cells.ConclusionsSpectral imaging and linear unmixing have a great potential for efficient multicolor detection in living plant cells. The emission spectra for eight of the most commonly used FPs were obtained in epidermal cells of tobacco leaves and used in unmixing experiments. The generated set of FP Gateway entry vectors represents a valuable resource for plant cell biologists.

Dataset Information

Raman spectra of the GFP-like fluorescent proteins.

Publications

Raman spectra of the GFP-like fluorescent proteins.

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