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Communicable Diseases in the Mediterranean Region.

ABSTRACT: Communicable diseases still pose a health hazard and are a major cause of death in many parts of the world. Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide with an annual burden of 1.7 million. Global deaths in 2016 for other communicable diseases included 1.34 million from hepatitis; 1.0 million from HIV-related causes; and almost half a million from malaria. Outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases like polio, measles, rubella and other life-threatening diseases also pose a significant threat to various communities around the world. In this paper, we shed some light on the epidemiology of communicable diseases in the Mediterranean Region and conclude that socioeconomic differences between the north and the south Mediterranean lead to differences in the epidemiology of communicable diseases.

SUBMITTER: Shannan G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6247127 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Communicable Diseases in the Mediterranean Region.

Shannan Ghassan G

EJIFCC 20181107 3

Communicable diseases still pose a health hazard and are a major cause of death in many parts of the world. Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide with an annual burden of 1.7 million. Global deaths in 2016 for other communicable diseases included 1.34 million from hepatitis; 1.0 million from HIV-related causes; and almost half a million from malaria. Outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases like polio, measles, rubella and other life-threatening diseases also pose a signif ...[more]

PMID: 30479598

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Project description:BackgroundRates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly rising in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Systematic reviews satisfy the demand from practitioners and policy makers for prompt comprehensive evidence. The aim of this study is to review trends in NCD systematic reviews research output and quality by time and place, describe design and focus, and examine gaps in knowledge produced.MethodsUsing the Montori et al. systematic reviews filter, MeSH and keywords were applied to search Medline Ovid, Cochrane Central and Epistemonikos for publications from 1996 until 2015 in the 22 countries of the EMR. The 'Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews', AMSTAR, was used to assess the methodological quality of the papers.ResultsOur search yielded 2439 papers for abstract and title screening, and 89 papers for full text screening. A total of 39 (43.8%) studies included meta-analysis. Most of the papers were judged as being of low AMSTAR quality (83.2%), and only one paper was judged as being of high AMSTAR quality. Whilst annual number of papers increased over the years, the growth was mainly attributed to an increase in low-quality publications approaching in 2015 over four times the number of medium-quality publications. Reviews were significantly more likely to be characterized by higher AMSTAR scores (±SD) when meta-analysis was performed compared to when meta-analysis was not performed (3.4 ± 1.5 vs 2.6 ± 2.0; p-value = 0.034); and when critical appraisal of the included studies was conducted (4.3 ± 2.3 vs 2.5 ± 1.5; p-value = 0.004). Most of the reviews focused on cancer and diabetes as an outcome (25.8% and 24.7%, respectively), and on smoking, dietary habits and physical activity as exposures (15.7%, 12.4%, 9.0%, respectively). There was a blatant deficit in reviews examining associations between behaviors and physiologic factors, notably metabolic conditions.ConclusionsSystematic reviews research in the EMR region are overwhelmingly of low quality, with gaps in the literature for studies on cardiovascular disease and on associations between behavioral factors and intermediary physiologic parameters. This study raises awareness of the need for high-quality evidence guided by locally driven research agenda responsive to emerging needs in countries of the EMR.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main health and development challenge facing humankind all over the world. They are inextricably linked to socio-economic development. Deaths caused by NCDs should be different in different socio-economic development stages. The stratified heterogeneity of NCD deaths is currently not fully explored. METHODS:Countries were classified according to their socio-economic types and development stages, which were illustrated as a tree-like structure called Geotree. NCD deaths were linked to the countries and so were attached to the Geotree, which was modelled by a multilevel model (MLM) approach. Accordingly, the levels of NCD death indexes were predicted for 2030. RESULTS:Through the Geotree structure constructed in the study, it can be seen that the NCD death index has obvious stratified heterogeneity; that is, the NCD death index shows different trends in different country types and socio-economic development stages. In the first-level branches (country type), as national income increases, NCD mortality rate decreases and the proportion of NCD deaths to total deaths increases. In the secondary-level trunks (socio-economic development stage), as a country's development stage rises, the NCD mortality rate decreases and the proportion of NCD deaths to total deaths increases. In addition, combined with the hierarchical nature of the evolution tree model, the MLM was used to predict the global NCD death index for 2030. The result was that by 2030, the global average age-standardized NCD mortality rate would be 510.54 (per 100,000 population) and the global average mortality for NCD deaths of the total number of deaths would be 75.26%. CONCLUSIONS:This study found that there is a significant association between socio-economic factors and NCD death indicators in the tree-like structure. In the Geotree, countries on the same branch or trunk can learn from countries with higher development stages to formulate more effective NCD response policies and find the right prevention and treatment path.

Dataset Information

Communicable Diseases in the Mediterranean Region.

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Communicable Diseases in the Mediterranean Region.

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