Salvage regimens for pediatric patients with relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: DeRenzo C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6249063 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Salvage regimens for pediatric patients with relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
DeRenzo Christopher C Lam Catherine C Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos C Rapkin Louis L Gottschalk Stephen S Venkatramani Rajkumar R
Pediatric blood & cancer 20181014 1
There is no established salvage regimen for pediatric patients with relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and outcomes are dismal. We performed a multicenter retrospective review to determine outcomes after first salvage therapy for pediatric patients with relapsed NPC. Fourteen patients were treated with varied regimens. Two of the 14 patients received oxaliplatin-containing regimens and achieved a long-term complete response. Although definitive recommendations cannot be made based on outcom ...[more]
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Project description:To assess treatment response and overall survival (OS) in refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) patients treated by different common salvage chemotherapy regimens.Medical records data from 142 R/R AML patients were reviewed in this retrospective study. Patients were treated with regimens based on the following drugs: cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and fludarabine (FLAG) (n = 46); cytarabine and G-CSF in addition to aclarubicin or daunorubicin (CAG/DAG) (n = 30); cytarabine, G-CSF, and cladribine (CLAG) (n = 27); cytarabine, etoposide, and mitoxantrone (MEA) (n = 17); cytarabine plus idarubicin, daunorubicin, or mitoxantrone (IA/DA/MA) (n = 12); and homoharringtonine, cytarabine, and aclarubicin or daunorubicin (HAA/HAD) (n = 10).A total of 43 (35.2%) patients achieved complete remission (CR), 60 (49.2%) patients achieved overall remission rate (ORR), and 18 (14.8%) patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after CR. Median OS was 8.0 (95% CI 6.6-9.4) months with a 1-year OS rate of (29.9 ± 3.9)% and 3-year OS rate of (11.1 ± 3.6)%. No difference of CR (P = .621), ORR (P = .385), and allo-HSCT (P = .537) achievement was observed among different chemotherapy regimens. Interestingly, we observed that the CLAG-based regimen did not affect CR (P = .165), while it achieved a numerically higher ORR (P = .093) and was an independent factor for prolonged OS (P = .016). No other regimens were determined to be correlated with CR, ORR, or OS.FLAG-, CAG/DAG-, CLAG-, MEA-, IA/DA/MA- and HAA/HAD-based regimens were found to achieve similar CR rates, while the CLAG-based regimen achieved numerically higher ORR rates and significant favorable OS. Therefore, CLAG-based regimens should be a prioritized treatment option for R/R AML patients.
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Project description:PurposeSalvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard treatment for relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Salvage regimens have never been compared; their efficacy in the rituximab era is unknown.Patients and methodsPatients with CD20(+) DLBCL in first relapse or who were refractory after first-line therapy were randomly assigned to either rituximab, ifosfamide, etoposide, and carboplatin (R-ICE) or rituximab, dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin (R-DHAP). Responding patients received high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT.ResultsThe median age of the 396 patients enrolled (R-ICE, n = 202; R-DHAP, n = 194) was 55 years. Similar response rates were observed after three cycles of R-ICE (63.5%; 95% CI, 56% to 70%) and R-DHAP (62.8%; 95 CI, 55% to 69%). Factors affecting response rates (P < .001) were refractory disease/relapse less than versus more than 12 months after diagnosis (46% v 88%, respectively), International Prognostic Index (IPI) of more than 1 versus 0 to 1 (52% v 71%, respectively), and prior rituximab treatment versus no prior rituximab (51% v 83%, respectively). There was no significant difference between R-ICE and R-DHAP for 3-year event-free survival (EFS) or overall survival. Three-year EFS was affected by prior rituximab treatment versus no rituximab (21% v 47%, respectively), relapse less than versus more than 12 months after diagnosis (20% v 45%, respectively), and IPI of 2 to 3 versus 0 to 1 (18% v 40%, respectively). In the Cox model, these parameters were significant (P < .001).ConclusionIn patients who experience relapse more than 12 months after diagnosis, prior rituximab treatment does not affect EFS. Patients with early relapses after rituximab-containing first-line therapy have a poor prognosis, with no difference between the effects of R-ICE and R-DHAP.
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Project description:BackgroundThe goal of this study was to perform a systematic review to examine the efficacy and safety of various salvage therapy regimens on patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL.MethodThe electronic searches were performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception through June 2015, with search terms related to relapsed/refractory PTCL, salvage chemotherapy regimens, and clinical trials. An eligible study met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Patients had refractory or relapsed PTCL; (2) drug regimens were used for salvage therapy; (3) the study was a clinical trial; (4) the study reported on a series of at least 10 patients of PTCL.ResultsOf 35 records identified, a total of 14 studies were eligible for systematic reviews, and 12 different salvage regimens were investigated. A total of 618 relapsed/refractory PTCL patients were identified. The ORRs ranged from 22% for those treated with lenalidomide to 86% for those with brentuximab vedotin. By the three most frequent subtypes, the ORRs ranged from 14.2% to 71.5% for patients with the PTCL-NOS subtype, 8% to 54% for AITL subtypes, and 24% to 86% for the ALCL subtype. The medians of DOR, PFS, and OS ranged from 2.5 to 16.6 months, 2.6 to 13.3 months, and 3.6 to 14.5 months, respectively. The most frequently reported grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were hematological AEs, such as neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.ConclusionThe efficacy of salvage therapy regimens is highly diverse for patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL; this heterogeneity in therapeutic effects might be due to the diversity in mechanisms, PTCL subtype distribution, and/or numbers/profiles of prior therapy. Comparative studies with matched pair analysis are warranted for more evidence of the salvage treatment effect on relapsed or heavily pretreated patients with PTCL.
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Project description:Importance:The role of induction chemotherapy (IC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains controversial. Objectives:To update meta-analyses on the association of survival outcomes with IC and AC regimens in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC and assess whether the current evidence is conclusive by a trial sequential analysis (TSA) approach. Data Sources:PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for articles published from inception until June 1, 2019. Study Selection:Randomized clinical trials that assessed the efficacy of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy among previously untreated patients and patients with nondistant metastatic NPC. Data Extraction and Synthesis:Data were extracted by 2 investigators from each trial independently and synthesized by the 2 investigators. All trial results were combined and analyzed by a fixed- or random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures:Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS). Results:A total of 8036 patients (median age, 46.5 years; 5872 [73.1%] male) from 28 randomized clinical trials were included in the analysis. Pooled analyses revealed that concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) was significantly associated with improved OS, PFS, DMFS, and LRFS compared with radiotherapy across all subgroups. The TSA confirmed the treatment outcomes of CCRT compared with radiotherapy. The additional IC regimen was associated with an improvement in OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95), PFS (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.64-0.84), DMFS (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59-0.78), and LRFS (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64-0.85). These findings were consistent in subgroup analyses of multicenter trials with sample sizes greater than 250, years of survival rate of 5 or greater, median follow-up longer than 5 years, or low risk of bias. However, the additional AC regimen was not associated with a survival benefit in OS (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.78-1.23), PFS (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.70-1.07), DMFS (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.64-1.10), or LRFS (HR, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.59-1.09). The TSA provided sound evidence on the additional benefit of IC but not AC. Conclusions and Relevance:These data suggest a significant association of survival outcomes with CCRT in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. The addition of IC instead of AC could achieve survival benefits. The potential therapeutic gain of AC should be explored in the future.
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Project description:BackgroundTo assess the outcome of and determine prognostic factors for neck residue or recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients treated with a salvage neck dissection.Materials and methodsOver a 10-year period (from January 1998 through December 2007) in a tertiary hospital, we systematically reviewed the clinical charts of 355 patients with NPC who were diagnosed with neck residue or recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, after radical definitive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.ResultsThe group with recurrent nodal disease consisted of 285 patients (80.3%), while the group with residual nodal disease included 70 patients (19.7%). There were no patients died of the surgery complications. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were 54.11, 35.01, and 55.59%, respectively, at 3-year, and 26.03, 22.65, and 27.84%, respectively, at 5-year. The local control rate in the neck was 70.92% at 3 years and 60.98% at 5 years. For all the 3 survival outcomes (OS, DFS, and DSS) and the local control rate of disease in the neck, there were significant differences between the "residue group" and "recurrence group."ConclusionsRadical neck dissection is proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of the neck failure. Our study has demonstrated that it may be possible to choose the selective lymph node dissection for patients of the residue group.
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Project description:BackgroundAdvanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a relatively common nasopharyngeal skull base disease for which there is no uniform treatment modality. Not all patients are satisfied with the efficacy of immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy.MethodsThis study included patients who underwent salvage endoscopic skull base nasopharyngectomy after immunotherapy between February 2017 and June 2021. Patient survival information was analyzed. Relevant publications were retrieved from five databases from December 1, 2011 to December 1, 2021. The outcomes of patients with advanced recurrent NPC who received programmed death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy were collected and analyzed.ResultsNine patients who underwent skull base surgery, all of whom had previously undergone PD-1 immunotherapy, were included in this study. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of these patients were 25% and 29.2%, respectively. Eight publications involving 688 patients with advanced recurrent NPC were also included in this study. The combined complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) values were 2%, 23%, and 29%, respectively. The combined DCR included the three disease conditions, CR, PR, and SD, with a value of 53%. PD-1 monotherapy was more effective than PD-1 combination chemotherapy.ConclusionsPD-1 immunotherapy may improve the remission rate in patients with recurrent NPC. Salvage endoscopic skull base nasopharyngectomy may be another option for patients with poor immunotherapeutic outcomes. For patients with advanced recurrent NPC, better evidence-based medical data are needed to determine whether they should receive immunotherapy before or after surgery.
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Project description: Not available
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