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Dairy intake revisited - associations between dairy intake and lifestyle related cardio-metabolic risk factors in a high milk consuming population.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The association between milk and dairy intake and the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, cancer and mortality has been evaluated in many studies, but these studies have had conflicting results with no clear conclusion on causal or confounding associations. The present study aims to further address this association by cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation of the associations between exposure to various types of dairy products and metabolic risk markers among inhabitants in northern Sweden while taking other lifestyle factors into account. METHODS:Respondents in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme with complete and plausible diet data between 1991 and 2016 were included, yielding 124,934 observations from 90,512 unique subjects. For longitudinal analysis, 27,682 participants with a visit 8-12?years after the first visit were identified. All participants completed a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Metabolic risk markers, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, serum (S) cholesterol and triglycerides, and blood glucose, were measured. Participants were categorized into quintiles by intake of dairy products, and risk (odds ratios, OR) of undesirable levels of metabolic risk markers was assessed in multivariable logistic regression analyses. In longitudinal analyses, intake quintiles were related to desirable levels of metabolic risk markers at both visits or deterioration at follow-up using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS:The OR of being classified with an undesirable BMI decreased with increasing quintiles of total dairy, cheese and butter intake but increased with increasing non-fermented milk intake. The OR of being classified with an undesirable S-cholesterol level increased with increasing intake of total dairy, butter and high fat (3%) non-fermented milk, whereas an undesirable S-triglyceride level was inversely associated with cheese and butter intake in women. In longitudinal analyses, increasing butter intake was associated with deterioration of S-cholesterol and blood glucose levels, whereas increasing cheese intake was associated with a lower risk of deterioration of S-triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS:Confounding factors likely contribute to the demonstrated association between dairy intake and mortality, and other medical conditions and analyses should be stratified by dairy type.

SUBMITTER: Johansson I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6251194 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dairy intake revisited - associations between dairy intake and lifestyle related cardio-metabolic risk factors in a high milk consuming population.

Johansson Ingegerd I Nilsson Lena Maria LM Esberg Anders A Jansson Jan-Håkan JH Winkvist Anna A

Nutrition journal 20181122 1

<h4>Background</h4>The association between milk and dairy intake and the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, cancer and mortality has been evaluated in many studies, but these studies have had conflicting results with no clear conclusion on causal or confounding associations. The present study aims to further address this association by cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation of the associations between exposure to various types of dairy products and metabolic risk markers among inhabitan ...[more]

PMID: 30466440

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Project description:BackgroundThe effect of zinc intake on cardio-cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases has always been controversial.AimsWe hoped to evaluate the associations of the daily dietary estimate (DDE) of zinc intake with cardio-cerebrovascular and metabolic risk factors.MethodsBaseline data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) were obtained. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine associations of the DDE of zinc intake with cardio-cerebrovascular and metabolic risk factors.ResultsThe smooth curve demonstrated positive associations of the DDE of animal zinc intake with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, insulin, systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP and an inverse association of the DDE of animal zinc intake with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Consistently, multivariable linear regression models also showed that an increased DDE of animal zinc intake was closely related to a higher risk of cardio-cerebrovascular and metabolic risk factors [systolic BP: 0.37 (0.13, 0.61); diastolic BP: 0.17 (0.02, 0.33); fasting blood glucose: 1.13 (0.67, 1.59); insulin: 0.26 (0.05, 0.47); LDL-C: 0.82 (0.34, 1.29), triglycerides: 1.65 (0.75, 2.55), total cholesterol: 0.91 (0.38, 1.43) and HDL-C: -0.24 (-0.45, -0.03)] when age, race/ethnicity, total family income, smoking status, alcohol consumption and menopausal status were controlled for. Importantly, stratified analysis supported that the independent associations between the DDE of animal zinc intake and risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases were hardly affected by age and body mass index (BMI).ConclusionWe found that an increased DDE of animal zinc intake was associated with higher cardiovascular and metabolic risks among middle-aged women, which did not support the benefit of zinc intake in reducing cardiovascular and metabolic risks. The association seems to be incongruous with the anti-inflammation and antioxidation physiological functions of zinc. Thus, additional well-designed and prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.

Project description:ImportanceClear guidelines on the health effects of dairy food are important given the high prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and increasing global consumption of dairy food.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of increased dairy food on cardio metabolic risk factors.Data sourcesSearches were performed until April 2013 using MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google,Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists of articles, and proceedings of major meetings.Study selectionRandomized controlled studies with healthy adults randomized to increased dairy food for more than one month without additional interventions.Data extraction and synthesisA standard list was used to extract descriptive, methodological and key variables from all eligible studies. If data was not included in the published report corresponding authors were contacted.Results20 studies with 1677 participants with a median duration of dietary change of 26 (IQR 10-39) weeks and mean increase in dairy food intake of 3.6 (SD 0.92) serves/day were included. There was an increase in weight with low (+0.82, 0.35 to 1.28 kg, p<0.001) and whole fat dairy food (+0.41, 0.04 to 0.79 kg, p=0.03), but no significant change in waist circumference (-0.07, -1.24 to 1.10 cm) ; HOMA -IR (-0.94, -1.93 to 0.04 units); fasting glucose (+1.32, 0.19 to 2.45 mg/dl) ; LDL-c (1.85,-2.89 to 6.60 mg/dl); HDL-c (-0.19, -2.10 to 1.71 mg/dl); systolic BP (-0.4, -1.6 to 0.8 mmHg); diastolic BP (-0.4, -1.7 to 0.8 mmHg) or CRP (-1.07, -2.54 to 0.39 mg/L). Changes in other cardio-metabolic risk factors were similar for low and whole fat dairy interventions.LimitationsMost clinical trials were small and of modest quality. .ConclusionIncreasing whole fat and low fat dairy food consumption increases weight but has minor effects on other cardio-metabolic risk factors.Trial registration actrnAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000401752, http://www.anzctr.org.au.Ethics approval numberNTX/10/11/115.

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Dairy intake revisited - associations between dairy intake and lifestyle related cardio-metabolic risk factors in a high milk consuming population.

Publications

Dairy intake revisited - associations between dairy intake and lifestyle related cardio-metabolic risk factors in a high milk consuming population.

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