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In silico analysis of transferable QepA variants and related chromosomal efflux pumps.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:The present study aimed to detect the presence of undescribed QepA variants in GenBank records. METHODS:The DNA and amino acid sequences of QepA1 were compared with what is present in GenBank. Only annealings with a >80% identity were considered. No synthetic or partial sequences were included in the analyses. RESULTS:The results showed the presence of 10 different QepA variants, 6 of them which were previously non-designated as specific allelic variants. In addition, high identity levels with chromosomal MSF efflux pumps belonging to microorganisms of the Pseudorhodoferax genus and other Comamonadaceae were detected. CONCLUSIONS:The presence of undescribed QepA variants in GenBank is reported and the presence of related sequences among members of Burkholderiales order is described.

SUBMITTER: Ruiz J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6254477 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In silico analysis of transferable QepA variants and related chromosomal efflux pumps.

Ruiz J J

Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia 20181030 6

<h4>Objective</h4>The present study aimed to detect the presence of undescribed QepA variants in GenBank records.<h4>Methods</h4>The DNA and amino acid sequences of QepA1 were compared with what is present in GenBank. Only annealings with a >80% identity were considered. No synthetic or partial sequences were included in the analyses.<h4>Results</h4>The results showed the presence of 10 different QepA variants, 6 of them which were previously non-designated as specific allelic variants. In addit ...[more]

PMID: 30378393

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Project description:RND (Resistance-Nodulation-Division) family transporters are widespread especially among Gram-negative bacteria, and catalyze the active efflux of many antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. They have very large periplasmic domains, and form tripartite complexes with outer membrane channels and periplasmic adaptor proteins. AcrAB-TolC complex of Escherichia coli, which pumps out a very wide range of drugs, has been studied most intensively. Early studies showed that the transporter captures even those substrates that cannot permeate across the cytoplasmic membrane, such as dianionic beta-lactams, suggesting that the capture can occur from the periplasm. It was also suggested that the capture occurs from the cytoplasmic membrane/periplasm interface, because most substrates contain a sizable hydrophobic domain; however, this may simply be a reflection of the nature of the binding site within AcrB. Genetic studies of chimeric transporters showed that much of the substrate specificity is determined by their periplasmic domains. Biochemical studies with intact cells recently led to the determination of the kinetic constants of AcrB for some beta-lactams, and the result confirms the old prediction that AcrB is a rather slow pump. Reconstitution of purified AcrB and its relatives showed that the pump is a drug/proton antiporter, that AcrA strongly stimulates the activity of the pump, and that AcrB seems to have a highest affinity for conjugated bile salts. Structural study with mutants of the network of charged residues in the transmembrane domain showed that protonation here produced a far-reaching conformational change, which was found to be present in one of the protomers in the asymmetric crystal structure of the wild-type AcrB. The functional rotatory hypothesis then predicts that the drug bound in the periplasmic domain is extruded through this conformational change initiated by the protonation of one of the residues in the aforementioned network, an idea that was recently supported by disulfide cross-linking as well as by the behavior of linked AcrB protomers.

Project description:Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causes infections that are extremely difficult to treat. A significant role in these resistance profiles is attributed to multidrug efflux pumps, especially those belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily of transporters. In this study, we analyzed functions and properties of RND efflux pumps in A. baumannii ATCC 17978. This strain is susceptible to antibiotics and does not contain mutations that are commonly selected upon exposure to high concentrations of antibiotics. We constructed derivatives of ATCC 17978 lacking chromosomally encoded RND pumps and complemented these strains by the plasmid-borne genes. We analyzed the substrate selectivities and efficiencies of the individual pumps in the context of native outer membranes and their hyperporinated variants. Our results show that inactivation of AdeIJK provides the strongest potentiation of antibiotic activities, whereas inactivation of AdeFGH triggers the overexpression of AdeAB. The plasmid-borne overproduction complements the hypersusceptible phenotypes of the efflux deletion mutants to the levels of the parental ATCC 17978. Only a few antibiotics strongly benefitted from the overproduction of efflux pumps and antibacterial activities of some of those depended on the synergistic interaction with the low permeability barrier of the outer membrane. Either overproduction or inactivation of efflux pumps change dramatically the lipidome of ATCC 17978. We conclude that efflux pumps of A. baumannii are tightly integrated into physiology of this bacterium and that clinical levels of antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii isolates are unlikely to be reached solely due to the overproduction of RND efflux pumps.IMPORTANCE RND-type efflux pumps are important contributors in development of clinical antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii However, their specific roles and the extent of contribution to antibiotic resistance remain unclear. We analyzed antibacterial activities of antibiotics in strains with different permeability barriers and found that the role of active efflux in antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii is limited to a few select antibiotics. Our results further show that the impact of efflux pump overproduction on antibiotic susceptibility is significantly lower than the previously reported for clinical isolates. Additional mechanisms of resistance, in particular those that improve the permeability barriers of bacterial cells and act synergistically with active efflux pumps are likely involved in antibiotic resistance of clinical A. baumannii isolates.

Dataset Information

In silico analysis of transferable QepA variants and related chromosomal efflux pumps.

Publications

In silico analysis of transferable QepA variants and related chromosomal efflux pumps.

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