Dataset Information

Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jinan, China: A Time Series Study.

ABSTRACT: Few epidemiological studies have evaluated the effects of air pollution on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the associations of ambient air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 ?m (PM_2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO₂),nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), and carbon monoxide (CO)) in relation to the risk of pulmonary TB in a cohort of Chinese TB patient in Jinan city from 2011 to 2015. A total of 9344 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB cases were included. Poisson regression model was employed to estimate the risk of air pollution and daily diagnosed pulmonary TB. Four different air pollution exposure windows (3, 6, 9, and 12 months) before TB diagnoses were calculated from the daily concentration of air pollution. In overall analysis, we did not find strong evidence for an association between continuous exposures to most ambient air pollutants and risk for pulmonary TB. However, in categorical analysis, we observed statistically significant overall associations between pulmonary TB risk and PM_2.5 (3 month exposure window: RR?=?1.228, 95%CI: 1.091-1.381) as well as CO (3 month exposure window: RR?=?1.169, 95%CI: 1.028-1.329; 9 month exposure window: RR?=?1.442, 95%CI: 1.028-2.024) exposures. Moreover, subgroup analyses suggested that most of the air pollutants (PM_2.5, SO₂, O₃, and CO) were significantly associated with increased risk of TB among the males, the females, the <60 years, and the smear negative cases. The dominant statistically significant associations were detected at 3-month exposure window of air pollution before the diagnosis of TB. Our results detected positive associations between ambient PM_2.5, CO exposures and the risk of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB in China. The suggestive evidence that the 3 month air pollution exposure window was associated with increased TB risk warrants further investigation.

SUBMITTER: Liu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6258663 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jinan, China: A Time Series Study.

Liu Yao Y Cui LiangLiang L Hou LuJian L Yu ChunBao C Tao NingNing N Liu JinYue J Li YiFan Y Zhou ChengChao C Yang GuoRu G Li HuaiChen H

Scientific reports 20181127 1

Few epidemiological studies have evaluated the effects of air pollution on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the associations of ambient air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2),nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO)) in relation to the risk of pulmonary TB in a cohort of Chinese TB patient in Jinan city from 2011 to 2015. A total of 9344 newly diagno ...[more]

PMID: 30479352

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Project description:Few epidemiologic studies have evaluated the effects of air pollution on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD).We investigated the associations of long-term residential concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) < 10 ?m in diameter (PM10) and < 2.5 ?m in diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in relation to PD risk.Our nested case-control analysis included 1,556 self-reported physician-diagnosed PD cases identified between 1995 and 2006 and 3,313 controls frequency-matched on age, sex, and race. We geocoded home addresses reported in 1995-1996 and estimated the average ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 using a national fine-scale geostatistical model incorporating roadway information and other geographic covariates. Air pollutant exposures were analyzed as both quintiles and continuous variables, adjusting for matching variables and potential confounders.We observed no statistically significant overall association between PM or NO2 exposures and PD risk. However, in preplanned subgroup analyses, a higher risk of PD was associated with higher exposure to PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.45; p-trend = 0.02) among women, and with higher exposure to PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.76; p-trend = 0.04) among never smokers. In post hoc analyses among female never smokers, both PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.17; p-trend = 0.05) and PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.26; p-trend = 0.01) showed positive associations with PD risk. Analyses based on continuous exposure variables generally showed similar but nonsignificant associations.Overall, we found limited evidence for an association between exposures to ambient PM10, PM2.5, or NO2 and PD risk. The suggestive evidence that exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 may increase PD risk among female never smokers warrants further investigation. Citation: Liu R, Young MT, Chen JC, Kaufman JD, Chen H. 2016. Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of Parkinson disease. Environ Health Perspect 124:1759-1765;?http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP135.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Residential proximity to major roadways, and prenatal exposures to particulate matter <2.5??m (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) are linked to poor fetal outcomes but their relationship with childhood development is unclear. OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether proximity to major roadways, or prenatal and early-life exposures to PM2.5 and O3 increase the risk of early developmental delays. STUDY DESIGN:Prospective cohort. SETTINGS:New York State excluding New York City. PARTICIPANTS:4089 singletons and 1016 twins born between 2008 and 2010. EXPOSURES:Proximity to major roadway was calculated using road network data from the NY Department of Transportation. Concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 estimated by the Environmental Protection Agency Downscaler models were spatiotemporally linked to each child's prenatal and early-life addresses incorporating residential history, and locations of maternal work and day-care. OUTCOMES:Parents reported their children's development at ages 8, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months in five domains using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Generalized mixed models estimated the relative risk (RR) and 95% CI for failing any developmental domain per 10 units increase in PM2.5 and O3, and for those living <1000?m away from a major roadway compared to those living further. Models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS:Compared to those >1000?m away from a major roadway, those resided 50-100?m [RR: 2.12 (1.00-4.52)] and 100-500?m [RR: 2.07 (1.02-4.22)] away had twice the risk of failing the communication domain. Prenatal exposures to both PM2.5 and ozone during various pregnancy windows had weak but significant associations with failing any developmental domain with effects ranging from 1.6% to 2.7% for a 10??g/m3 increase in PM2.5 and 0.7%-1.7% for a 10?ppb increase in ozone. Average daily postnatal ozone exposure was positively associated with failing the overall screening by 8 months [3.3% (1.1%-5.5%)], 12 months [17.7% (10.4%-25.5%)], and 30 months [7.6%, (1.3%-14.3%)]. Findings were mixed for postnatal PM2.5 exposures. CONCLUSIONS:In this prospective cohort study, proximity to major roadway and prenatal/early-life exposures to PM2.5 and O3 were associated with developmental delays. While awaiting larger studies with personal air pollution assessment, efforts to minimize air pollution exposures during critical developmental windows may be warranted.

Project description:There is inconclusive evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence, tuberculosis-related hospital admission and mortality. This review aimed to assess the extent to which selected air pollutants are associated to PTB incidence, hospital admissions and mortality. This was a systematic review of studies published in English from January 1st, 1946, through May 31st, 2022, that quantitatively assessed the association between PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3 and the incidence of, hospital admission or death from PTB. Medline, Embase, Scopus and The Cochrane Library were searched. Extracted data from eligible studies were analysed using STATA software. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to derive pooled adjusted risk and odds ratios. A total of 24 studies (10 time-series, 5 ecologic, 5 cohort, 2 case-control, 1 case cross-over, 1 cross-sectional) mainly from Asian countries were eligible and involved a total of 437,255 tuberculosis cases. For every 10 μg/m3 increment in air pollutant concentration, there was a significant association between exposure to PM2.5 (pooled aRR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.19, p < 0.001, N = 6); PM10 (pooled aRR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12, p = 0.022, N = 8); SO2 (pooled aRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.12, p < 0.001, N = 9); and the incidence of PTB. There was no association between exposure to CO (pooled aRR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.98-1.11, p = 0.211, N = 4); NO2 (pooled aRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.99-1.17, p = 0.057, N = 7); O3 (pooled aRR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02, p = 0.910, N = 6) and the incidence of PTB. There was no association between the investigated air pollutants and mortality or hospital admissions due to PTB. Overall quality of evidence was graded as low (GRADE approach). Exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 air pollutants was found to be associated with an increased incidence of PTB, while exposure to CO, NO2 and O3 was not. There was no observed association between exposure to these air pollutants and hospital admission or mortality due to PTB. The quality of the evidence generated, however, remains low. Addressing the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030 as per the 4th Sustainable Development Goal may require a more rigorous exploration of this association.

Dataset Information

Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jinan, China: A Time Series Study.

Publications

Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jinan, China: A Time Series Study.

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