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Assessing individual differences in the speed and accuracy of intersensory processing in young children: The intersensory processing efficiency protocol.

ABSTRACT: Detecting intersensory redundancy guides cognitive, social, and language development. Yet, researchers lack fine-grained, individual difference measures needed for studying how early intersensory skills lead to later outcomes. The intersensory processing efficiency protocol (IPEP) addresses this need. Across a number of brief trials, participants must find a sound-synchronized visual target event (social, nonsocial) amid five visual distractor events, simulating the "noisiness" of natural environments. Sixty-four 3- to 5-year-old children were tested using remote eye-tracking. Children showed intersensory processing by attending to the sound-synchronous event more frequently and longer than in a silent visual control, and more frequently than expected by chance. The IPEP provides a fine-grained, nonverbal method for characterizing individual differences in intersensory processing appropriate for infants and children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

SUBMITTER: Bahrick LE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6261800 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessing individual differences in the speed and accuracy of intersensory processing in young children: The intersensory processing efficiency protocol.

Bahrick Lorraine E LE Soska Kasey C KC Todd James Torrence JT

Developmental psychology 20181022 12

Detecting intersensory redundancy guides cognitive, social, and language development. Yet, researchers lack fine-grained, individual difference measures needed for studying how early intersensory skills lead to later outcomes. The intersensory processing efficiency protocol (IPEP) addresses this need. Across a number of brief trials, participants must find a sound-synchronized visual target event (social, nonsocial) amid five visual distractor events, simulating the "noisiness" of natural enviro ...[more]

PMID: 30346188

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Project description:In the study of numeracy, some hypotheses have been based on response time (RT) as a dependent variable and some on accuracy, and considerable controversy has arisen about the presence or absence of correlations between RT and accuracy, between RT or accuracy and individual differences like IQ and math ability, and between various numeracy tasks. In this article, we show that an integration of the two dependent variables is required, which we accomplish with a theory-based model of decision making. We report data from four tasks: numerosity discrimination, number discrimination, memory for two-digit numbers, and memory for three-digit numbers. Accuracy correlated across tasks, as did RTs. However, the negative correlations that might be expected between RT and accuracy were not obtained; if a subject was accurate, it did not mean that they were fast (and vice versa). When the diffusion decision-making model was applied to the data (Ratcliff, 1978), we found significant correlations across the tasks between the quality of the numeracy information (drift rate) driving the decision process and between the speed/accuracy criterion settings, suggesting that similar numeracy skills and similar speed-accuracy settings are involved in the four tasks. In the model, accuracy is related to drift rate and RT is related to speed-accuracy criteria, but drift rate and criteria are not related to each other across subjects. This provides a theoretical basis for understanding why negative correlations were not obtained between accuracy and RT. We also manipulated criteria by instructing subjects to maximize either speed or accuracy, but still found correlations between the criteria settings between and within tasks, suggesting that the settings may represent an individual trait that can be modulated but not equated across subjects. Our results demonstrate that a decision-making model may provide a way to reconcile inconsistent and sometimes contradictory results in numeracy research.

Dataset Information

Assessing individual differences in the speed and accuracy of intersensory processing in young children: The intersensory processing efficiency protocol.

Publications

Assessing individual differences in the speed and accuracy of intersensory processing in young children: The intersensory processing efficiency protocol.

Similar Datasets

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